Katie Ledecky has won “only” one Olympic gold medal, that in the 2012 800 metre freestyle. However, her performances at the 2014 Pan Pacs (5 golds) and 2015 World Championships (5 golds), and her 11 world record swims over the past 3 years, portend well for what she may achieve in Rio. She will likely swim the 200, 400, and 800 freestyles, and possibly both freestyle relays. She will be heavily favored in the 400 and 800 freestyles, and probably a co-favorite in the 200 free. The USA will likely be favored in the 4×200 freestyle relay, but are longshots to win the 4×100 free relay, as Australia is the team to beat in that event. Here are some of the swimming records that Ledecky could chase in the pool at Rio de Janeiro.

If She Wins 1 Individual Gold Medal in Rio, Katie Ledecky Will …

• Become the 6^th American woman to win individual swimming gold medals at 2 Olympics, after Martha Norelius (1924/1928), Janet Evans (1988/1992), Brooke Bennett (1996/2000), Natalie Coughlin (2004/2008), and Rebecca Soni (2008/2012).

If She Wins 2 Individual Gold Medals in Rio, Katie Ledecky Will …

• Move to =2^nd among @TeamUSA female swimmers with 3 individual gold medals, trailing only Janet Evans, who won 4 in 1988-92. Ledecky would become tied with Debbie Meyer (1968) and Brooke Bennett (1996-2000).
• Move to =6^th among all Olympic female swimmers with 3 individual gold medals. The record is 5, held by Hungarian Krisztina Egerszegi, while 4 females have won 4 individual Olympic swimming golds – Janet Evans (USA), Kristin Otto (GDR), Inge de Bruijn (NED), and Yana Klochkova (UKR).

If She Wins 3 Gold Medals in Rio, Katie Ledecky Will …

• Move to =3^rd among USA female swimmers with 4 Olympic gold medals, trailing Jenny Thompson (8), Amy Van Dyken (6), and tieing Janet Evans, Dara Torres, Missy Franklin, and Dana Vollmer.
• Move to =4^th among @TeamUSA Olympians, any sport, with 4 Olympic gold medals, trailing Thompson and Van Dyken, as above, and Bonnie Blair (SSK with  5), and tied with 12 other USA women.
• Move to =3^rd among @TeamUSA Olympians, any sport, with 3 Olympic golds at one Olympics, trailing only swimmers Missy Franklin (2012) and Amy Van Dyken (1996), with 4 each, and tied with 22 other USA women, including 17 swimmers.

If She Wins 3 Individual Gold Medals (200-400-800) in Rio, Katie Ledecky Will …

• Move to =7^th among all female Olympians (any sport) with the most individual gold medals with 4. The record is 7 by Věra Čáslavská (TCH) in gymnastics, with Larysa Latynina (URS-GYM) and Lidiya Skoblikova (URS-SSK) having won 6 individual golds.
• Tie Debbie Meyer (1968) and Janet Evans (1988) among US female swimmers with 3 individual gold medals at a single Olympic Games.
• Tie Janet Evans (SWI) and Pat McCormick (DIV) among summer female US Olympians (any sport) with 4 individual gold medals. Among @TeamUSA Olympians, Ledecky would trail only Bonnie Blair, who won 5 individual gold medals in speed skating at the Winter Olympics.
• Move to =2^nd among all Olympic female swimmers with 4 individual gold medals, trailing only Hungarian Krisztina Egerszegi, who has won 5. Four females have won 4 individual Olympic swimming golds – Janet Evans (USA), Kristin Otto (GDR), Inge de Bruijn (NED), and Yana Klochkova (UKR).

If She Wins 4 Gold Medals in Rio, Katie Ledecky Will …

• Move to =4^th among female Olympic swimmers with 5 gold medals. The record is 8, held by Jenny Thompson (USA), with Kristin Otto (GDR) and Amy Van Dyken (USA) having won 6.
• Move to =2^nd among all female Olympians (any sport) with 4 gold medals at a single Games. The record is 6 by Kristin Otto in 1988, with 9 other women having won 4 golds at one Olympics, including two @TeamUSA swimmers, Amy Van Dyken (1996) and Missy Franklin (2012).

If She Wins 5 Gold Medals in Rio, Katie Ledecky Will …

• Trail only Kristin Otto, the only woman to win 6 gold medals at one Olympic Games (swimming-1988). No other woman has won more than 4 at one Games. Ledecky would move to =5^th all-time in any sport (=6^th performance), also trailing the following men: Michael Phelps (8 in 2008, 6 in 2004), Mark Spitz (7 in 1972), and Vitaly Shcherbo (6 for EUN in gymnastics in 1992).
• Move to =5^th among all female Olympians (any sport) with 6 gold medals. The leaders in this category are Larysa Latynina (URS-GYM) with 9, followed by Birgit Fischer-Schmidt (GDR/GER-CAN) and Jenny Thompson (USA-SWI) with 8, and Věra Čáslavská (TCH-GYM) with 7. Ledecky, with 6, would tie Amy Van Dyken (SWI) for second place among @TeamUSA women.

With Michael Phelps qualifying for his 5^th Olympic appearance, here  is where he would stand among all @TeamUSA Olympians. Only one swimmer in there – Dara Torres. Phelps will be the first male swimmer to compete at 5 Olympics.

[table]

Appear,Name,Gdr,Ssn,Sport,Years

7,J. Michael Plumb,M,S,EQU,1960/64/68/72/76/84/92

6,Norman Cohn-Armitage,M,S,FEN,1928/32/36/48/52/56

6,Bill McMillan,M,S,SHO,1952/60/64/68/72/76

6,Jan York-Romary,F,S,FEN,1948/52/56/60/64/68

6,Frank Chapot,M,S,EQU,1956/60/64/68/72/76

6,Robert Dover,M,S,EQU,1984/88/92/96/00/04

6,Todd Lodwick,M,W,NCO,1994/98/02/06/10/14

5,Bruce Davidson,M,S,EQU,1972/76/84/88/96

5,Dara Torres,F,S,SWI,1984/88/92/00/08

5,Karen Lende O’Connor,F,S,EQU,1988/96/00/08/12

5,Bill Steinkraus,M,S,EQU,1952/56/60/68/72

5,Peter Westbrook,M,S,FEN,1976/84/88/92/96

5,Casey Puckett,M,W,ASK/FRS,1992/94/98/02/10

5,Albie Axelrod,M,S,FEN,1952/56/60/64/68

5,Willye White,F,S,ATH,1956/60/64/68/72

5,Willie Davenport,M,B,ATH/BOB,1964/68/72/76/80

5,Teresa Edwards,F,S,BAS,1984/88/92/96/00

5,John McNally,M,S,SHO,1984/88/92/96/00

5,Gail Devers,F,S,ATH,1988/92/96/00/04

5,George Hincapie,M,S,CYC,1992/96/00/04/08

5,Butch Johnson,M,S,ARC,1992/96/00/04/08

5,Mark Grimmette,M,W,LUG,1994/98/02/06/10

5,Amy Acuff,F,S,ATH,1996/00/04/08/12

5,Kim Rhode,F,S,SHO,1996/00/04/08/12

5,Danielle Scott-Arruda,F,S,VOL,1996/00/04/08/12

5,Bill Demong,M,W,NCO,1998/02/06/10/14

5,Bode Miller,M,W,ASK,1998/02/06/10/14

5,Brian Shimer,M,W,BOB,1988/92/94/98/02

5,Chris Witty,F,B,CYC/SSK,1994/98/00/02/06

[/table]

 

By competing at Rio de Janeiro in 2016, Michael Phelps will set several Olympic records and bests, both USA and international. Further, should he win a medal, or a gold medal, he will also set several Olympic records and bests. He already holds the Olympic records of 22 medals and 18 gold medals, both marks he can extend in Rio. The following details his current standings on the various Olympic lists, and what else he can/will achieve with his performance in Rio.

By Competing in Rio, Michael Phelps Will …

• Become the first American man to compete in swimming at five Olympic Games, and only the second American, equalling the mark of Dara Torres, who competed in 1984, 1988, 1992, 2000, and 2008. Phelps is tied among American men with Jason Lezak as the only two US Olympians to compete in swimming at 4 Olympic Games.

If He Wins an Individual Medal in Rio, Michael Phelps Will …

• Become the Olympian with the most medals ever in individual events. Phelps surpassed Larysa Latynina (URS) as the most be-medalled Olympian with 22, bettering Latynina’s 18, but Latynina won 14 individual medals. Through 2012, Phelps has won “only” 13 individual Olympic medals, placing him second in that category.
• Move up to 9^th place on the oldest individual male medalist list among Olympic swimmers. However, Phelps’ @TeamUSA teammate, Ryan Lochte, is slightly older than Phelps so this could change if he wins an individual medal in Rio.

If He Wins a Gold Medal in Rio, Michael Phelps Will …

• Equal the mark for the Olympian with the most gold medals ever in team events, assuming a gold in a relay, which is likely. Through 2012, Phelps has 7 gold medals in relays. The Olympic record for most team event gold medals, any sport, however, is held by another @TeamUSA Olympic swimmer, Jenny Thompson, who won 8 gold medals in relays.
• Become the oldest individual gold medalist in Olympic swimming history, if he wins an individual gold, surpassing Inge de Bruijn (NED), who was 30-363 when she won the 50 metre freestyle in 2004. Phelps will be about 31-035 to 31-042 during the swimming competition in Rio. However, Phelps’ @TeamUSA teammate, Ryan Lochte, is slightly older than Phelps so this could change if he wins an individual medal in Rio.
• Become the oldest men to win an Olympic individual gold medal, with an individual gold, that mark currently held by Duke Kahanamoku at Antwerpen in 1920, at age 30-009. However, as noted above, Ryan Lochte is slightly older than Phelps and this could change if he wins an individual gold medal in Rio.
• Win his fourth consecutive gold medals in the 100 butterfly or 200 IM, assuming he wins either of those events. That will make him only the 4^th Olympian to win four consecutive gold medals in the same individual event – after Paul Elvstrøm (DEN – sailing one-handed dinghy, 1948-60 [although there was a slight difference in the event in 1948]); Al Oerter (USA – athletics discus throw, 1956-68); and Carl Lewis (USA – athletics long jump, 1984-96) (and Ray Ewry [USA – athletics standing high jump and standing long jump, 1900-08], if you count 1906).
• Equal Ray Ewry by winning four consecutive gold medals in two individual events, again assuming he wins both the 100 fly and the 200IM, although that would include 1906 for Ewry. Not including Ewry, Phelps can become the first Olympian to achieve this, although see the next note.

If He Wins an Individual Gold Medal in Rio, Michael Phelps Will …

• Tie the “Olympic” record for the most titles in individual events. Although Phelps has won 11 individual gold medals, and would seem to hold that Olympic record, in fact the record is actually held by Leonidas of Rhodes, who won 12 titles at the Ancient Olympic Games. Leonidas won the stadion (about 195 yards), diaulos (about 380 yards), and hoplite race (race in armour) at four consecutive Olympic Games from 164-152 BC. Thus, if Phelps wins an individual gold medal, or gold medals, he will tie or break a record that has now stood for 2168 years. If so, Leonidas will not be present to congratulate Phelps.

 

With Michael Phelps making his 5th US Olympic swimming team tonite, the first male to do so, here is how that relates to all Olympic swimmers in terms of appearances. The USA list is below the underline, with USA swimmers in bold font.

Swimming – Most Olympic Appearances

6     Derya Büyükuncu               TUR                        1992/96/00/04/08/12

6     Lars Frölander                    SWE                       1992/96/00/04/08/12

    5     Dara Torres                        USA                       1984/88/92/00/08

5     Mark Foster                          GBR                       1988/92/96/00/08

5     Mette Jacobsen                  DEN                       1988/92/96/00/04

5     Rogério Romero                 BRA                        1988/92/96/00/04

5     Alison Sheppard                 GBR                       1988/92/96/00/04

5     Martina Moravcová            SVK/TCH              1992/96/00/04/08

5     María Peláez                       ESP                        1992/96/00/04/08

5     Carl Probert                         FIJ                          1992/96/00/04/08

5     Nina Zhivanevskaya          ESP/EUN/RUS     1992/96/00/04/08

5     Therèse Alshammar          SWE                       1996/00/04/08/12

5     Peter Mankoč                      SLO                        1996/00/04/08/12

    5     Dara Torres                        USA                       1984/88/92/00/08

    4     Jenny Thompson               USA                       1992/96/00/04

    4     Amanda Beard                   USA                       1996/00/04/08

    4     Jason Lezak                       USA                       2000/04/08/12

    4     Michael Phelps                  USA                       2000/04/08/12

    3     23 athletes tied with 3

 

 

Swimming – Most Olympic Appearances, Men

6     Derya Büyükuncu               TUR                        1992/96/00/04/08/12

6     Lars Frölander                    SWE                       1992/96/00/04/08/12

5     Mark Foster                          GBR                       1988/92/96/00/08

5     Rogério Romero                 BRA                        1988/92/96/00/04

5     Carl Probert                         FIJ                          1992/96/00/04/08

5     Peter Mankoč                      SLO                        1996/00/04/08/12

4     48 athletes tied with 4

    4     Jason Lezak                       USA                       2000/04/08/12

    4     Michael Phelps                  USA                       2000/04/08/12

    3     14 athletes tied with 3

 

 

Swimming – Most Olympic Appearances, Women

    5     Dara Torres                        USA                       1984/88/92/00/08

5     Mette Jacobsen                  DEN                       1988/92/96/00/04

5     Alison Sheppard                 GBR                       1988/92/96/00/04

5     Martina Moravcová            SVK/TCH              1992/96/00/04/08

5     María Peláez                       ESP                        1992/96/00/04/08

5     Nina Zhivanevskaya          ESP/EUN/RUS     1992/96/00/04/08

5     Therèse Alshammar          SWE                       1996/00/04/08/12

4     28 athletes tied with 4

    5     Dara Torres                        USA                       1984/88/92/00/08

    4     Jenny Thompson               USA                       1992/96/00/04

    4     Amanda Beard                   USA                       1996/00/04/08

    3     Jill Sterkel                           USA                       1976/84/88

    3     Janet Evans                       USA                       1988/92/96

    3     Natalie Coughlin                USA                       2004/08/12

    3     Kara Lynn Joyce               USA                       2004/08/12

    2     53 athletes tied with 2

 

Three Estonian marathoners – Leila, Liina, and Lily Luik – have recently made the Olympic qualifying time for Rio and may compete at Rio. This is especially notable because the three Luik sisters are triplets. No triplets have ever competed at the Olympic Games previously, either at the same Games or at separate Olympics.

But that is not the case with twins. In fact, our database includes 200 twins that have both competed at the Olympics. Of these, 188 of them have competed at the same Olympics, so they almost always competed together. Here is the breakdown of those 188:

[table]

Twin type,###

Twin brother,127

Twin sister,53

Twin brother/sister (fraternal),4

Twin brother (fraternal),2

Twin sister (fraternal),2

[/table]

Please note that we try to differentiate between fraternal and identical twins in the database, but that information is not always announced or available, so the fraternal numbers above may be somewhat low. Without further information, our default listing is as identical twins, unless they are brother/sister, who must be fraternal twins.

Many of these twins have competed at the same Olympic Games several times. Here is how that breaks down:

[table]

#Games,#Twins

4 Games,4

3 Games,9

2 Games,43

1 Games,132

[/table]

Among the 4 Games twins are one set of twin sisters – Sharon and Shirley Firth, who competed in cross-country skiing for Canada at the 1972, 1976, 1980, and 1984 Winter Olympics. Also competing together at 4 Games are the twin brother canoeists, Pavol and Peter Hochschorner of Slovakia, who won the Canadian slalom doubles in 2000, 2004, and 2008, and added a bronze in that event in 2012. They will likely compete in Rio which will make them the first twins to compete together at 5 Olympic Games.

Basically, all of the twins have always competed in the same sport. However, Swedish twin brothers Vilhelm and Eric Carlberg are a slight anomaly. Vilhelm competed in shooting in 1906, 1908, 1912, and 1924. Eric competed in shooting at all 4 Olympics, but in 1908 he also competed in fencing, and in 1912 he competed in shooting, fencing, and modern pentathlon.

The twins have also always represented the same nation. Until recently we thought that the presumed twin brothers Steve Tikal and František Tikal played against each other in ice hockey at the 1960 Winter Olympics, with Steve competing for Australia and František competing for their native Czechoslovakia, however, more recent evidence reveals that they were not twins, as often cited.

No single sport predominates among these sets of twins, with 36 different sports represented. The top 6 sports, however, are the following:

[table]

Sport,###

Athletics,34

Rowing,22

Sailing,16

Wrestling,12

Ice Hockey,11

Swimming,10

[/table]

The Luiks competing as triplets will be an Olympic first, assuming they all compete. None has approached world-class times so they will not be medal contenders, but you could be seeing Olympic history.

http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/ lists ever Olympic gold medal winner that has ever lived so you might be surprised to know that this post concerns Olympic champions that have never graced the pages of that website. These are the champions who have only existed within the covers of a book, the frames of a cartoon or whilst projected on the silver screen or into your homes via television. For decades writers have used the Olympic Games as a backdrop to stories of sporting triumph or, in some cases, used a supposed Olympic background to emphasize the heroic and villainous traits of a character.
Let’s start with the movies. I have deliberated avoided films which are based on real Olympic history, even those whose grasp on history is at best fairly tenuous.

If you consider the headlines of the last few weeks it’s with a certain sense of irony we begin with the character of Ivan Drago from the 4th instalment of the Rocky series of movies. The chemically assisted Soviet boxer, probably designed as a champion from the Moscow Olympics, may be a caricature of Communist era Russia but has remained a popular villain in the thirty years since the film was released. The script also makes it clear that Drago’s wife, Ludmilla, is herself an Olympic champion in the swimming pool. Incidentally the actor, who played Drago, Dolph Lundgren, had a genuine Olympic link – he was the section manager for the US modern pentathlon team in Atlanta in 1996.

Ivan Drago

The Rocky series may be nearly forty years old now but that’s nothing compared to the longevity of James Bond. In the 2002 film “Die Another Day” we are introduced to MI6 agent Miranda Frost, an Olympic champion from the Sydney Olympics, who is eventually revealed to be in the debt of the North Korean villain of the piece after he arranged that her opponent for gold “overdosed on steroids”. An earlier film in the series, “For Your Eyes Only”, featured an East German Olympic biathlete turned assassin.
Shooting seems a popular Olympic sport in cinematic terms with the Oscar nominated 2014 film “American Sniper” featuring, as a main antagonist, a Syrian Olympic champion marksman called Mustafa and, as strange as it seems, another fictional champion shooter threatened to cause a diplomatic incident for a time in 2005. The Bollywood film “Sarkar” features an Olympic medallist from Dubai who is hired as a contract killer. Unfortunately for the filmmakers the UAE’s only Olympic medal at the time had come from Sheikh Ahmed al-Maktoum, a member of Dubai’s ruling family, in trap shooting. An apology was sent to Sheikh Ahmed and the controversial scenes were edited.

1937 saw the release of “Charlie Chan at the Olympics”, which blended real footage from the Berlin Games into a murder mystery. After the eponymous hero solves the crime he finds time to watch his son win an Olympic swimming title.

Even the ancient Olympic Games has been referenced on celluloid in cartoon form through the shape of “Asterix at the Olympic Games” where the eponymous Gaulish hero wins an Olympic title when every one of his opponents succumb to the temptation of magic potion and is disqualified.

One of the best movies to be based around the subject was “Downhill Racer”, a 1969 vehicle for the then box-office sensation Robert Redford, which centred on a brash American making his way on the European skiing circuit and towards an Olympic title. The acclaimed critic Roger Ebert said at the time it was “the best movie ever made about sports—without really being about sports at all.”
The following year film producer and self-confessed Olympic fan Richard F. Zanuck produced “The Games”, a movie based on four runners of vastly differing backgrounds who competed for glory in the marathon at a fictional Rome Olympics. Filmmakers have long seen athletics as a rich seam to mine for Olympic movies as was seen in the 1955 film Geordie, about a Scottish Hammer thrower and Golden Girl from 1979 which centred on the premise of a neo-Nazi scientist adopting an American orphan with the single purpose of turning her into an Olympic pentathlon champion.

Other sports that have flourished on the silver screen include figure skating in the guise of romantic comedy “The Cutting Edge”. The story of a spoilt American skater teaming up with a former ice hockey player on and off the ice was successful enough to spawn three sequels. The dubious acting talents of Dolph Lundgren once again feature in “Pentathlon”, probably the only thriller based around the Olympic modern pentathlon. Lundgen plays an East German champion whose comeback for the 1988 Olympic Games is threatened by his former coach turned neo-Nazi terrorist. It was badly received at the time and is generally considered the worst movie on this list. 1997’s “Murder at 1600”, with Diane Lane as a US Secret Service agent who was also an Olympic shooting champion, was another that was panned by the critics.

Moving our attention towards television, and also to the distant future, we can point out that 1960s kids TV puppet show Thunderbirds. The show, which was hugely popular in the UK and Australia, featured a character called Gordon Tracy who was / will be an Olympic swimming champion at the butterfly stroke around the year 2060. Much later US animated comedy series “Futurama” introduced the limbo into the 30th century incarnation of the Olympics and set one of the main characters, Jamaican bureaucrat Hermes Conrad, on a quest for the championship against his arch rival Barbados Slim.

In literature the classic children’s book “Matilda” by Roald Dahl featured the fearsome Miss Trunchbull who was described as an Olympic javelin, discus and hammer thrower from the 1972 Olympics. It is unknown if she was successful in her efforts in Munich. The introduction of a “throwing the girl by her pigtails” event might have ensured victory.
Another favourite of children was the runner Alf Tupper, the “Tough of the Track”, whose appearances in British comics lasted from 1949 to 1992. His longevity as a middle distance runner is marked by his wins at both the Helsinki and Barcelona Olympics.

The theatre has not provided much to add to this list with the exception of “Amigos”, a play by the award winning Australian playwright David Williamson. It concerns the relationships inside a medal winning rowing quartet thirty four years after they reach the podium at the 1968 Games.

Of course there may be more that we have missed, please feel free to remind us of any omissions.
Thanks to David Clark for suggesting this subject.

So we did a recent post on Olympians who have made more than one appearance at the Olympics. One of the replies we got back was that it would be interesting to know more about this as it relates to the best known summer Olympic sport – athletics (track & field). So here we go.

Who has appeared in each event the most times? Seven athletes have competed in the same Olympic athletics event 6 times, with Merlene Ottey doing this in 3 events – the 100, 200, and 4×100 relay – for 9 occurrences in all. But we’ll go further and list who has appeared in each track & field event the most times below, requiring at least 4 appearances. The list for each event is as follows:

Kim Collins

[table]

###,Event,Name,NOC,Gdr,YR1,YR2,YR3,YR4,YR5,YR6

4,100 metres,Tom Robinson,BAH,M,1956,1960,1964,1968,,

4,,Hasely Crawford,TTO,M,1972,1976,1980,1984,,

4,,Ray Stewart,JAM,M,1984,1988,1992,1996,,

4,,Ato Boldon,TTO,M,1992,1996,2000,2004,,

4,,Kim Collins,SKN,M,1996,2000,2004,2008,,

5,200 metres,Pietro Mennea,ITA,M,1972,1976,1980,1984,1988,

4,,Don Quarrie,JAM,M,1972,1976,1980,1984,,

4,,Róbson da Silva,BRA,M,1984,1988,1992,1996,,

4,,Christian Malcolm,GBR,M,2000,2004,2008,2012,,

4,400 metres,Chris Brown,BAH,M,2000,2004,2008,2012,,

5,800 metres,Paul Martin,SUI,M,1920,1924,1928,1932,1936,

4,,José Luiz Barbosa,BRA,M,1984,1988,1992,1996,,

4,,Johnny Gray,USA,M,1984,1988,1992,1996,,

4,,Yury Borzakovsky,RUS,M,2000,2004,2008,2012,,

5,1500 metres,Branko Zorko,YUG,M,1988,1992,1996,2000,2004,

4,,Marcus O’Sullivan,IRL,M,1984,1988,1992,1996,,

4,5000 metres,Emiel Puttemans,BEL,M,1968,1972,1976,1980,,

4,,Craig Mottram,AUS,M,2000,2004,2008,2012,,

4,10000 metres,Domingo Tibaduiza,COL,M,1972,1976,1980,1984,,

4,,Haile Gebrselassie,ETH,M,1996,2000,2004,2008,,

5,Marathon,Toni Bernadó,AND,M,1996,2000,2004,2008,2012,

4,,8 tied with 4,,M,,,,,,

5,110 metres hurdles,Carlos Sala,ESP,M,1980,1984,1988,1992,1996,

4,,6 tied with 4,,M,,,,,,

4,400 metres hurdles,Luigi Facelli,ITA,M,1924,1928,1932,1936,,

4,,Samuel Matete,ZAM,M,1988,1992,1996,2000,,

4,,Félix Sánchez,DOM,M,2000,2004,2008,2012,,

4,,Periklis Iakovakis,GRE,M,2000,2004,2008,2012,,

4,,Angelo Taylor,USA,M,2000,2004,2008,2012,,

4,Steeplechase,Cahit Önel,TUR,M,1948,1952,1960,1964,,

5,20 kilometres Walk,Vladimir Golubnichy,URS,M,1960,1964,1968,1972,1976,

5,,Jeffersón Pérez,ECU,M,1992,1996,2000,2004,2008,

4,4 x 100 metres relay,Jocelyn Delecour,FRA,M,1956,1960,1964,1968,,

4,,Nobuharu Asahara,JPN,M,1996,2000,2004,2008,,

4,,Marc Burns,TTO,M,2000,2004,2008,2012,,

4,4 x 400 metres relay,Chris Brown,BAH,M,2000,2004,2008,2012,,

6,50 kilometres Walk,Jesús Ángel García,ESP,M,1992,1996,2000,2004,2008,2012

5,,John Ljunggren,SWE,M,1948,1952,1956,1960,1964,

5,,Abdon Pamich,ITA,M,1956,1960,1964,1968,1972,

5,,Tim Berrett,CAN,M,1992,1996,2000,2004,2008,

6,High Jump,Dragutin Topić,IOA,M,1992,1996,2000,2004,2008,2012

4,,Kuniyoshi Sugioka,JPN,M,1960,1964,1968,1972,,

4,Pole Vault,Javier García,ESP,M,1988,1992,1996,2000,,

4,,Tim Lobinger,GER,M,1996,2000,2004,2008,,

4,,Romain Mesnil,FRA,M,2000,2004,2008,2012,,

4,,Denys Yurchenko,UKR,M,2000,2004,2008,2012,,

5,Long Jump,Igor Ter-Ovanesyan,URS,M,1956,1960,1964,1968,1972,

4,,Carl Lewis,USA,M,1984,1988,1992,1996,,

4,,Iván Pedroso,CUB,M,1992,1996,2000,2004,,

4,Triple Jump,8 tied with 4,,M,,,,,,

4,Shot Put,9 tied with 4,,M,,,,,,

5,Discus Throw,Aleksander Tammert,EST,M,1996,2000,2004,2008,2012,

5,,Virgilijus Alekna,LTU,M,1996,2000,2004,2008,2012,

5,Hammer Throw,Alexandros Papadimitriou,GRE,M,1996,2000,2004,2008,2012,

5,,Szymon Ziółkowski,POL,M,1996,2000,2004,2008,2012,

5,Javelin Throw,Janusz Sidło,POL,M,1952,1956,1960,1964,1968,

5,,Urs von Wartburg,SUI,M,1960,1964,1968,1972,1976,

5,,Jan Železný,TCH,M,1988,1992,1996,2000,2004,

4,Decathlon,Georg Werthner,AUT,M,1976,1980,1984,1988,,

4,,Daley Thompson,GBR,M,1976,1980,1984,1988,,

4,,Erki Nool,EST,M,1992,1996,2000,2004,,

4,,Roman Šebrle,CZE,M,2000,2004,2008,2012,,

6,100 metres,Merlene Ottey,JAM,F,1984,1988,1992,1996,2000,2004

5,,Debbie Ferguson-McKenzie,BAH,F,1996,2000,2004,2008,2012,

6,200 metres,Merlene Ottey,JAM,F,1980,1984,1988,1992,1996,2004

5,,Mary Onyali-Omagbemi,NGR,F,1988,1992,1996,2000,2004,

4,400 metres,Sandie Richards,JAM,F,1988,1992,1996,2000,,

4,,Aliann Pompey,GUY,F,2000,2004,2008,2012,,

6,800 metres,Maria Mutola,MOZ,F,1988,1992,1996,2000,2004,2008

5,,Letitia Vriesde,SUR,F,1988,1992,1996,2000,2004,

4,1500 metres,Carla Sacramento,POR,F,1992,1996,2000,2004,,

4,,Natalia Rodríguez,ESP,F,2000,2004,2008,2012,,

4,3000/5000 metres,Roberta Brunet,ITA,F,1988,1992,1996,2000,,

4,,Sonia O’Sullivan,IRL,F,1992,1996,2000,2004,,

4,10000 metres,Derartu Tulu,ETH,F,1992,1996,2000,2004,,

5,Marathon,Lidia Şimon,ROU,F,1996,2000,2004,2008,2012,

4,,Lisa Martin-Ondieki,AUS,F,1984,1988,1992,1996,,

4,,Lorraine Moller,NZL,F,1984,1988,1992,1996,,

4,,Erika Olivera,CHI,F,1996,2000,2004,2012,,

5,80/100 metres hurdles,Gail Devers-Roberts,USA,F,1988,1992,1996,2000,2004,

4,,7 tied with 4,,F,,,,,,

4,20 kilometres Walk,María Vascó,ESP,F,2000,2004,2008,2012,,

4,,Olive Loughnane,IRL,F,2000,2004,2008,2012,,

4,,Kristina Saltanovič,LTU,F,2000,2004,2008,2012,,

6,4 x 100 metres relay,Merlene Ottey,JAM,F,1980,1984,1988,1992,1996,2000

4,,5 tied with 4,,F,,,,,,

5,4 x 400 metres relay,Sandie Richards,JAM,F,1988,1992,1996,2000,2004,

4,,Cathy Rattray-Williams,JAM,F,1980,1984,1988,1992,,

4,,Irina Khlyustova,BLR,F,2000,2004,2008,2012,,

5,High Jump,Amy Acuff,USA,F,1996,2000,2004,2008,2012,

4,,6 tied with 4,,F,,,,,,

4,Pole Vault,Monika Pyrek,POL,F,2000,2004,2008,2012,,

4,,Svetlana Feofanova,RUS,F,2000,2004,2008,2012,,

4,,Yelena Isinbayeva,RUS,F,2000,2004,2008,2012,,

5,Long Jump,Willye White,USA,F,1956,1960,1964,1968,1972,

5,,Fiona May,GBR,F,1988,1992,1996,2000,2004,

5,,Jackie Edwards,BAH,F,1992,1996,2000,2004,2008,

4,Triple Jump,Yamilé Aldama,CUB,F,2000,2004,2008,2012,,

4,,Tatyana Lebedeva,RUS,F,2000,2004,2008,2012,,

4,Shot Put,8 tied with 4,,F,,,,,,

6,Discus Throw,Lia Manoliu,ROU,F,1952,1956,1960,1964,1968,1972

6,,Nicoleta Grădinaru-Grasu,ROU,F,1992,1996,2000,2004,2008,2012

5,,Olga Fikotová-Connolly,TCH,F,1956,1960,1964,1968,1972,

5,,Ellina “Elya” Zvereva,URS,F,1988,1996,2000,2004,2008,

5,,Irina Yatchenko,EUN,F,1992,1996,2000,2004,2008,

4,Hammer Throw,Yipsi Moreno,CUB,F,2000,2004,2008,2012,,

6,Javelin Throw,Tessa Sanderson,GBR,F,1976,1980,1984,1988,1992,1996

5,,Trine Solberg-Hattestad,NOR,F,1984,1988,1992,1996,2000,

5,,Laverne Eve,BAH,F,1988,1996,2000,2004,2008,

5,Heptathlon/Pentathlon,Sabine Braun,FRG,F,1984,1988,1992,1996,2000,

4,,Jackie Joyner-Kersee,USA,F,1984,1988,1992,1996,,

4,,Irina Naumenko,KAZ,F,2000,2004,2008,2012,,

4,,Austra Skujytė,LTU,F,2000,2004,2008,2012,,

[/table]

Merlene Ottey

Now looking at the event-by-event appearance records, we note that 6 athletes (5 women, 1 man) competed at least 3 times in 3 events. They are as follows, with the Jamaican wonder woman Merlene Ottey having competed 6 times in 3 different events:

[table]

Name,Gdr,NOC,Event1,###1,Event2,###2,Event3,###3

Merlene Ottey,F,JAM,100,6,200,6,4×100,6

Pauline Davis-Thompson,F,BAH,100,3,200,4,4×100,3

Debbie Ferguson-McKenzie,F,BAH,100,5,200,4,4×100,3

Diego Ordóñez,M,ESP,100,3,200,3,4×100,3

Mary Onyali-Omagbemi,F,NGR,100,3,200,5,4×100,3

Shirley Strickland de la Hunty,F,AUS,100,3,4×100,3,80HH,3

[/table]

So who has competed in the most Olympic track & field athletics events? This gets a little complicated. Prior to 1928 there were a number of events no longer on the Olympic Program – standing jumps, odd walk distances, both hands throws, freestyle javelin, cross-country, various team races, and so on. In addition, we count the 1906 Olympic Games, which the IOC does not (they should). Here is the list of who has competed in the most athletics events, counting all events on the Program. The column on the left does not include 1906, while the second column in includes 1906, which brings in Martin Sheridan, who would be #3 if 1906 is included (I am required to mention Sheridan by my Chocolate Lab, Marty, whose full name is Martin Sheridan Mallon).

As you can see, and will see even further, Merlene Ottey and Eric Lemming are the queen and king of track & field appearances. Ottey leads this list, but Lemming would be #1 if we count 1906, at which Games he started in 8 events.

[table]

Events,w1906,Name,Gdr,NOC

19,19,Merlene Ottey,F,JAM

14,22,Eric Lemming,M,SWE

12,12,Debbie Ferguson-McKenzie,F,BAH

12,12,Mary Onyali-Omagbemi,F,NGR

12,12,Elmer Niklander,M,FIN

12,12,Géo André,M,FRA

12,12,Paavo Nurmi,M,FIN

11,11,Pietro Mennea,M,ITA

11,11,Pauline Davis-Thompson,F,BAH

11,11,Irena Szewińska-Kirszenstein,F,POL

11,11,Lawson Robertson,M,USA

11,11,Verner Järvinen,M,FIN

11,11,Gustav Krojer,M,AUT

8,15,Martin Sheridan,M,USA

[/table]

So the question that started this was how many Olympians compete in more than 1 Olympics? The blog reader wanted to know many track & field Olympians compete in more than 1 event? Here is that table, and here we do include 1906 and all events.

[table]

#Events,###,%%%

22 Events,1,0.0%

19 Events,1,0.0%

15 Events,1,0.0%

12 Events,5,0.0%

11 Events,6,0.0%

10 Events,12,0.1%

9 Events,24,0.1%

8 Events,25,0.1%

7 Events,68,0.3%

6 Events,188,0.9%

5 Events,385,1.9%

4 Events,826,4.0%

3 Events,2030,9.8%

2 Events,5429,26.3%

1 Event,11623,56.4%

[/table]

Its evident that most athletics Olympians compete in only a single event, and over 92% compete in 3 or fewer events.

Now Merlene Ottey competed in 19 events but she competed in a lot of relays, 7 in all. What happens if we only look at athletics Olympians competing in individual events? Again we have 2 columns, one not including 1906, and the second column including 1906, which adds Sheridan (sorry, its required), Ray Ewry, Meyer Prinstein, and Lawson Robertson. Note that Lemming’s figures do not change – he competed only in individual events.

Eric Lemming

[table]

IndEvts,w1906,Name,Gdr,noc

14,22,Eric Lemming,M,SWE

12,12,Elmer Niklander,M,FIN

12,12,Merlene Ottey,F,SLO

11,11,Verner Järvinen,M,FIN

11,11,Géo André,M,FRA

9,9,Debbie Ferguson-McKenzie,F,BAH

9,9,Paavo Nurmi,M,FIN

9,9,Miklós Kovács,M,HUN

9,9,Irena Szewińska-Kirszenstein,F,POL

9,9,Platt Adams,M,USA

9,9,Ralph Rose,M,USA

8,15,Martin Sheridan,M,USA

8,10,Ray Ewry,M,USA

7,10,Meyer Prinstein,M,USA

6,11,Lawson Robertson,M,USA

[/table]

And here is the breakdown of track & field Olympians by number of individual events in which they have competed – again including 1906 and all events.

[table]

#Evts,###,%%%

22 Events,1,0.0%

15 Events,1,0.0%

12 Events,2,0.0%

11 Events,3,0.0%

10 Events,4,0.0%

9 Events,11,0.1%

8 Events,12,0.1%

7 Events,32,0.2%

6 Events,73,0.4%

5 Events,203,1.1%

4 Events,565,2.9%

3 Events,1568,8.1%

2 Events,4754,24.7

1 Event,12044,62.5%

[/table]

As you can see, when looking only at individual events, by far most athletes compete in only a single Olympic track & field event.

So who has competed in the most track & field events at a single Olympics? Once again, we have the problem of the many older, unusual events, we have the problem of 1906, and we have the problem of individual or team events. Here is the list of the most events at a single Olympics, counting only modern events, and counting only individual events. And again Eric Lemming tops the list. This includes all those competing in 4 or more individual events at a single Olympics, and only 3 of them are women.

[table]

###,Name,Gdr,NOC,Year,Evt1,Evt2,Evt3,Evt4,Evt5,Evt6

6,Eric Lemming,M,SWE,1900,HJ,PV,LJ,TJ,DT,HT

5,Fritz Hofmann,M,GER,1896,100,400,HJ,TJ,SP,

5,Oscar Guttormsen,M,NOR,1908,100,200,400,110HH,TJ,

5,Johannes Viljoen,M,RSA,1928,100,110HH,LJ,TJ,Deca,

4,Alphonse Grisel,M,FRA,1896,100,400,LJ,DT,,

4,Henrik Sjöberg,M,SWE,1896,100,HJ,LJ,DT,,

4,Bob Garrett,M,USA,1896,HJ,LJ,SP,DT,,

4,Meyer Prinstein,M,USA,1904,100,400,LJ,TJ,,

4,Vincent Duncker,M,GER,1906,100,400,800,110HH,,

4,Aage Petersen,M,DEN,1906,100,400,HJ,LJ,,

4,Karl Lampelmayer,M,AUT,1906,100,400,LJ,TJ,,

4,Gustav Krojer,M,AUT,1906,100,HJ,LJ,TJ,,

4,Jacobus Hoogveld,M,NED,1908,100,200,400,LJ,,

4,Hugo Wieslander,M,SWE,1908,LJ,SP,DT,JT,,

4,Henry Leeke,M,GBR,1908,SP,DT,HT,JT,,

4,Bram Evers,M,NED,1908,400,800,PV,LJ,,

4,Alfredo Pagani,M,ITA,1912,110HH,HJ,LJ,Deca,,

4,Skotte Jacobsson,M,SWE,1912,100,200,TJ,Deca,,

4,Paul Hammer,M,LUX,1924,100,200,400,LJ,,

4,Valter Ever,M,EST,1924,HJ,PV,LJ,Deca,,

4,Gretel Bolliger,F,SUI,1952,80HH,LJ,SP,DT,,

4,Eduardo Fontecilla,M,CHI,1956,800,1500,Mara,Steeple,,

4,Marijana Lubej,F,YUG,1968,100,200,80HH,Pent,,

4,Eugenia Osho-Williams,F,SLE,1980,100,200,400,800,,

3,227 tied with 3,,,,,,,,,

[/table]

Here is the list if we include all track & field events that have ever been on the Olympic Program. A familiar face leads the list, but you will note that the top 4, who competed in 8 and 7 events, all did so in 1906. Sheridan actually entered 15 events in 1906, but got injured in the pentathlon and withdrew from a number of them.

Martin Sheridan

[table]

###,name,Gdr,NOC,Year,Evt1,Evt2,Evt3,Evt4,Evt5,Evt6,Evt7,Evt8

8,Eric Lemming,M,SWE,1906,TJ,SP,DT,sLJ,DTg,JTf,StoneThr,Pent

7,Gustav Krojer,M,AUT,1906,100,HJ,LJ,TJ,sHJ,sLJ,Pent,

7,Julius Wagner,M,GER,1906,100,LJ,SP,sLJ,DTg,StoneThr,Pent,

7,Martin Sheridan,M,USA,1906,SP,DT,sHJ,sLJ,DTg,StoneThr,Pent,

6,Bram Evers,M,NED,1908,400,800,PV,LJ,sLJ,1600relay,,

6,Jacobus Hoogveld,M,NED,1908,100,200,400,LJ,sLJ,1600relay,,

6,Ville Ritola,M,FIN,1924,5000,10000,Steeple,3KTm,XC,XCTm,,

6,Einar Nilsson,M,SWE,1912,SP,DT,Dec,Pent,SPb,DTb,,

6,Martin Sheridan,M,USA,1908,TJ,SP,DT,sHJ,sLJ,DTg,,

6,Eric Lemming,M,SWE,1900,HJ,PV,LJ,TJ,DT,HT,,

6,Henry Leeke,M,GBR,1908,SP,DT,HT,JT,DTg,JTf,,

6,Paul Weinstein,M,GER,1906,HJ,LJ,TJ,sHJ,sLJ,JTf,,

6,Pierre Failliot,M,FRA,1912,100,200,4×100,4×400,Dec,Pent,,

6,István Mudin,M,HUN,1906,SP,DT,sLJ,DTg,JTf,Pent,,

6,Heikki Åhlman,M,FIN,1906,PV,SP,DT,JTf,StoneThr,Pent,,

6,Géo André,M,FRA,1912,110HH,HJ,Dec,Pent,sHJ,sLJ,,

5,39 tied with 5,,,,,,,,,,,

4,139 tied with 4,,,,,,,,,,,

[/table]

So this is probably the list you’re looking for – most events at a single Olympics, counting only modern events, but including individual events and relays. Lemming is at the top with 6 in 1900, with 8 men who competed in 5 events in various years (none 1906), and Marion Jones in 2000 was the only woman to ever compete in 5 track & field events at a single Olympics. Or did she really compete? Maybe she has been erased – see the movie “Eraser” with Arnold Schwarzenegger, Vanessa Williams, and James Caan.

[table]

###,Name,Gdr,NOC,Year,Evt1,Evt2,Evt3,Evt4,Evt5,Evt6

6,Eric Lemming,M,SWE,1900,High Jump,PV,LJ,TJ,DT,HT

5,Fritz Hofmann,M,GER,1896,100 metres,400,HJ,TJ,SP,

5,Oscar Guttormsen,M,NOR,1908,100 metres,200,400,110HH,TJ,

5,Charles Lelong,M,FRA,1912,100 metres,200,400,4×100,4×400,

5,Max Herrmann,M,GER,1912,100 metres,200,400,4×100,4×400,

5,Pierre Failliot,M,FRA,1912,100 metres,200,4×100,4×400,Deca,

5,Johannes Viljoen,M,RSA,1928,100 metres,110HH,LJ,TJ,Deca,

5,Abebe Hailou,M,ETH,1956,100 metres,200,400,4×100,4×400,

5,Beyene Legesse,M,ETH,1956,100 metres,200,400,4×100,4×400,

5,Marion Jones,F,USA,2000,100 metres,200,4×100,4×400,LJ,

4,74 tied with 4,,,,,,,,,

3,883 tied with 3,,,,,,,,,

[/table]

Now a number of Olympians have competed in 2 or more track & field events at 2 or more Olympics. But only 8 Olympians have competed in 3 or more track & field events at 3 or more Olympics, with 2 of them dropping off the list if you are a 1906 stickler. There are 4 men and 4 women, with Merlene Ottey having done this a remarkable 5 times. Eric Lemming is also on this list, but that includes 1906.

[table]

3+Oly,Name,Gdr,NOC,YR1,YR2,YR3,YR4,YR5

5,Merlene Ottey,F,JAM,1980,1984,1988,1992,1996

3,Raelene Boyle,F,AUS,1972,1968,1976,,

3,Shirley Strickland de la Hunty,F,AUS,1948,1952,1956,,

3,Phil Edwards,M,CAN,1928,1932,1936,,

3,Diego Ordóñez,M,ESP,1920,1924,1928,,

3,Mary Onyali-Omagbemi,F,NGR,1992,1996,2000,,

3,Eric Lemming,M,SWE,1900,1906,1908,,

3,Jim Lightbody,M,USA,1904,1906,1908,,

[/table]

Now yesterday Galen Rupp qualified for the 2016 US Olympic marathon team, and is talking of also running the 10,000 in Rio. Remember 1952, when Emil Zátopek won the 5,000, 10,000, and marathon? (I don’t remember it too well – I was 5-months-old) Has that ever been done before or since? In London the doyen of Olympic beat writers Phil Hersh asked me to dig up some data about how common is it now for athletes to compete in multiple related events, such as the Zátopek triple. So we looked at a few of those.

As anyone ever competed in the 100, 200, and 400 at a single Olympics. Yes, in fact, it has been done 36 times, by 32 men and 4 women. You never heard of any of them. The last to do it were females Zoila Stewart (CRC) and Ngozi Mwanamwambwa (ZAM) in 1992. The last man to do it was Daniel André, a Mauritian, in 1984.

What about running the 200, 400, and 800? This is much rarer and has only been done 4 times, by 3 men, the last of whom did it in 1924. Again, you don’t know any of the men. The woman was Eugenia Osho-Williams of Sierra Leone who in 1980 achieved the remarkable feat of running the 100, 200, 400, and 800, figuring on both these first two lists, and is the only one to do this quadruple. She did not get past the first round of any event.

What about the 400, 800, 1500 triple? Been done 7 times, 6 from 1904-12, with Israeli Mark Handelsman doing this in 1980.

Nobody has ever run the 800, 1500, and 5K at one Olympics. But in the 1500, 5K, and 10K triple, we have 5 names, 2 of whom you should know. Sweden’s Edwin Wide did this in 1924, and Kenyan Kip Keino did it in 1968. The last time it happened was in 1968, when Keino was joined by Nepali Hari Bahadur Rokaya – some of these are pretty obscure.

How about the Zátopek triple of 5K, 10K, and marathon? This has been done 17 times, and there are some pretty famous names in this group. Besides Zátopek, Lasse Virtanen (FIN) did it in 1932, and his countryman, Lasse Virén, did it in 1976, winning the 5 and 10, and placing sixth in the marathon. Ron Clarke ran all 3 events in 1964, and in 1968, Ethiopian Mamo Wolde and Kenyan Naftali Temu ran all 3 long-distance events, with Wolde winning gold in the marathon, and silver in the 10K, which was won by Temu, who also won a bronze in the 5K.

Running both hurdles races – the 110 (or 100) and 400 hurdles – has been done only 4 times. It happened in 1928 and 1932, and the last 2 times it occurred was in 1964.

In 1936 Jesse Owens won the 100, 200 and long jump, as did Carl Lewis in 1984. How often have people even competed in this sprinting-oriented triple? It has happened 21 times, with Lewis doing it in 1984 and 1988, and he was the last man. Several famous women did this – Irena Szewińska-Kirszenstein (POL) did it in 1968, Heide Drechsler-Daute (GDR) did it in 1988, and Marion Jones (USA) did it in 2000, unless she has been erased.

At London in 2012 American Will Claye competed in the long jump and triple jump, as did Australian Henry Frayne. This is pretty common as this made 142 times this has been achieved at a single Olympics.

Let’s not forget the big guys and gals, the weight throwers. Shot put and discus throw is a common double for the throwers to pull off. In fact, its been done 185 times at the Olympics, most notably by Soviet Tamara Press, who won both events in 1968, and in 1964 won the shot put and won silver in the discus. In 1906, Martin Sheridan also won both events – there, I got him in again.

Have any throwers ever competed in more than 2 events? Of course they have – why else would I bring it up? Between 1900-24, 13 throwers competed 14 times in 3 or more of the weight throwing events (shot, discus, hammer, javelin). American Ralph Rose did it in 1904 and 1912, competing in the shot, discus, and hammer each time, winning a complete set of medals in all three events in 1904 – gold in shot put, silver in discus throw, and bronze in hammer throw. Perhaps most remarkably, in 1908 Britian Henry Leeke competed in all four throwing events, the only time this has been done at the Olympics.

So this should answer pretty much any question you had about who has competed in the most track & field athletics events.

With thanx to my research associates, Martin Sheridan Mallon (the lab) and Barney Rubble Mallon (the Westie)

 

The US Olympic marathon trials were held today and Meb Keflezighi made his fourth Olympic team. Meb won a bronze medal in the 2004 Olympic marathon and will be 41 years old on the day of the 2016 Olympic marathon. Much is being made about his age – how does it stack up against previous Olympic marathoners?

Meb Keflezighi

On the day of the Olympic marathon in Rio, Meb will be 41 years, 108 days old (41-108). That’s relatively ancient for a world-class marathoner, but far from unheard of. In fact, there have been 21 Olympic men run the Olympic marathon at an older age, led by Canadian Percy Wyer, who ran the 1936 marathon when he was 52-years-old. Here is the top 25 through 2012:

[table]

Age,name,year,noc

52-199,Percy Wyer,1936,CAN

48-196,Bohumil “Boris” Honzátko,1924,TCH

46-135,Haile Satayin,2008,ISR

45-246,Toni Bernadó,2012,AND

44-195,Percy Wyer,1928,CAN

44-069,Jack Foster,1976,NZL

44-017,Wally Hayward,1952,RSA

43-023,Luis López,1992,CRC

42-240,Ion Pool,1900,GBR

42-194,Roman Kejžar,2008,SLO

42-140,Haile Satayin,2004,ISR

41-345,Wallace Williams,1988,ISV

41-258,Toni Bernadó,2008,AND

41-235,Panagiotis “Peter” Trivoulidis,1920,GRE

41-235,Eusebio Guiñez,1948,ARG

41-206,Ville Kyrönen,1932,FIN

41-206,Andrés Espinosa,2004,MEX

41-204,Harold Webster,1936,CAN

41-201,William Saward,1900,GBR

41-166,Baba Ibrahim Suma-Keita,1988,SLE

41-148,Jack Holden,1948,GBR

40-352,Cristea Dinu,1952,ROU

40-336,Johnny A. Kelley,1948,USA

40-309,Mikko Hietanen,1952,FIN

40-185,Franjo Mihalić,1960,YUG

[/table]

What about among US men Olympic marathoners, you surely are asking? Meb will become the oldest American man to run the marathon at the Olympics, with the current oldest being Johnny “The Elder” Kelley at London in 1948. Meb’s 2012 London marathon already put him 6^th oldest among US men. Here is the US top 10 list:

[table]

Age,name,year,noc

40-336,Johnny A. Kelley,1948,USA

40-104,Jimmy Henigan,1932,USA

40-059,Clarence DeMar,1928,USA

38-321,Billy Churchill,1924,USA

38-235,Albert “Whitey” Michelsen,1932,USA

37-099,Meb Keflezighi,2012,USA

36-102,Jimmy Henigan,1928,USA

36-036,Clarence DeMar,1924,USA

35-241,Tom Jones,1952,USA

35-223,Abdi Abdirahman,2012,USA

[/table]

This will be Meb’s third Olympic marathon, after 2004 and 2012 – he ran the 10,000 metres in 2000. Have any marathoners ever competed in more Olympic races? Yes, in fact, Andorran Toni Bernadó and Romanian Lidia Şimon ran 5 Olympic marathons from 1996-2012. Here is the list of all those running 4 or more Olympic marathons:

[table]

###,name,gender,noc,Yr1,Yr2,Yr3,Yr4,Yr5

5,Toni Bernadó,M,AND,1996,2000,2004,2008,2012

5,Lidia Şimon,F,ROU,1996,2000,2004,2008,2012

4,Karel Lismont,M,BEL,1972,1976,1980,1984

4,Baikuntha Manandhar,M,NEP,1976,1980,1984,1988

4,Rob de Castella,M,AUS,1980,1984,1988,1992

4,Ahmed Salah,M,DJI,1984,1988,1992,1996

4,Lisa Martin-Ondieki,F,AUS,1984,1988,1992,1996

4,Lorraine Moller,F,NZL,1984,1988,1992,1996

4,Steve Moneghetti,M,AUS,1988,1992,1996,2000

4,Erika Olivera,F,CHI,1996,2000,2004,2012

4,Lee Bong-Ju,M,KOR,1996,2000,2004,2008

4,Pavel Loskutov,M,EST,1996,2000,2004,2008

4,Viktor Röthlin,M,SUI,2000,2004,2008,2012

[/table]

Shalane Flanagan will also run in her 4^th Olympics, after racing the 5K in 2004, the 5 and 10K in 2008, and the marathon in 2012. Flanagan will be 35 years old in Rio. How does that stack up against female Olympic marathoners in terms of senescence? Here are the lists for the top 25 oldest women to run the Olympic marathon and the USA top 10 list:

[table]

Age,name,year,noc

48-234,Lourdes Klitzkie,1988,GUM

46-284,Joyce Smith,1984,GBR

46-236,Evy Palm,1988,SWE

43-083,Irina Bogacheva,2004,KGZ

42-195,Sue Hobson,2000,AUS

42-194,Constantina Tomescu,2012,ROU

41-141,María Luisa Muñoz,2000,ESP

41-058,Lorraine Moller,1996,NZL

40-298,Garifa Kuku,2000,KAZ

40-297,Ivana Sekyrová,2012,CZE

40-130,Colleen de Reuck,2004,USA

39-347,Irina Mikitenko,2012,GER

39-299,María Elena Espeso,2012,ESP

39-256,Priscilla Welch,1984,GBR

39-251,Francie Larrieu-Smith,1992,USA

39-159,Pauline Curley,2008,IRL

39-157,Rhonda Davidson-Alley,2000,GUM

39-116,Irina Bogacheva,2000,KGZ

39-077,Gaby Andersen-Schiess,1984,SUI

39-052,Liza Hunter-Galvan,2008,NZL

38-357,Mara Yamauchi,2012,GBR

38-335,Lidia Şimon,2012,ROU

38-251,Magda Ilands,1988,BEL

38-232,Nelly Chávez,1984,BOL

38-206,Constantina Tomescu,2008,ROU

[/table]

[table]

Age,name,year,noc

40-130,Colleen de Reuck,2004,USA

39-251,Francie Larrieu-Smith,1992,USA

37-349,Chris Clark,2000,USA

35-183,Deena Drossin-Kastor,2008,USA

35-082,Linda Somers,1996,USA

35-015,Magda Lewy-Boulet,2008,USA

34-091,Nancy Ditz,1988,USA

34-027,Kara Goucher,2012,USA

33-024,Blake Russell,2008,USA

33-009,Jenny Spangler,1996,USA

[/table]

Colleen de Reuck

Flanagan’s 2012 Olympic marathon was done at age 31-028, putting her 13^th on the US list for oldest female Olympic marathoners through 2012. She will be 35-037 on the day of the women’s Rio marathon and will move up to 6^th among US Olympic marathoners, but she will not crack the top 25 for all nations.

 

So we’ve had a few e-mails recently concerning how common it is for athletes to compete in more than one Olympic Games. On the “Mike and Mike” ESPN radio show they speculated that it was actually quite rare for Olympians to compete in more than one Olympics. Thus we decided to look at this in some detail.

Its not actually that rare and further, its becoming more and more common for athletes to compete in 2 or more Olympics. That is especially true of the Winter Olympics. We will only examine the Games since World War II, since the 12-year gap between 1936 and 1948 will skew all results, and this brings us closer to the modern era.

Here are the overall tables for both men and women Olympians at the Summer and Winter Olympics:

[table]

Summer,Total,1G,2G,3G,4G,5G,6+G,1G,2+G

Totals,107696,80048,20001,5731,1449,348,119,74.3%,25.7%

Men,82256,62010,14625,4201,1071,263,86,75.4%,24.6%

Women,25440,18038,5376,1530,378,85,33,70.9%,29.1%

[/table]

[table]

Winter,Total,1G,2G,3G,4G,5G,6+G,1G,2+G

Totals,17459,11510,4059,1384,394,92,20,65.9%,34.1%

Men,12902,8607,2987,948,276,68,16,66.7%,33.3%

Women,4557,2903,1072,436,118,24,4,63.7%,36.3%

[/table]

So its fairly common to compete in more than one Olympics, although overall only about 30% of Olympians get to a second Games. You’ll note, however, that Winter Olympians do it more frequently than summer Olympians – 34.1% to 25.7%. And women seem to come back to a second Olympics slightly more often than do men.

Here are the lists of the Games since 1948, comparing athletes who started at each Olympics, and competed in either 1 or 2 or more (2+) Olympics. We stopped at 2008 and 2010, since anyone who first competed in 2012 or 2014 could only have competed at one Olympics as of February 2016.

[table]

Year,1Games,2+Games,Season

1948,73.8%,26.2%,S

1952,79.9%,20.1%,S

1956,70.5%,29.5%,S

1960,73.8%,26.2%,S

1964,73.7%,26.3%,S

1968,69.4%,30.6%,S

1972,75.1%,24.9%,S

1976,76.1%,23.9%,S

1980,79.6%,20.4%,S

1984,71.3%,28.7%,S

1988,67.7%,32.3%,S

1992,66.6%,33.4%,S

1996,64.8%,35.2%,S

2000,64.2%,35.8%,S

2004,61.9%,38.1%,S

2008,67.2%,32.8%,S

[/table]

[table]

Year,1Games,2+Games,Season

1948,74.6%,25.4%,W

1952,71.4%,28.6%,W

1956,72.1%,27.9%,W

1960,61.5%,38.5%,W

1964,66.5%,33.5%,W

1968,68.7%,31.3%,W

1972,64.9%,35.1%,W

1976,67.0%,33.0%,W

1980,65.5%,34.5%,W

1984,61.4%,38.6%,W

1988,61.1%,38.9%,W

1992,49.4%,50.6%,W

1994,56.8%,43.2%,W

1998,52.0%,48.0%,W

2002,51.6%,48.4%,W

2006,54.5%,45.5%,W

2010,53.8%,46.2%,W

[/table]

It is likely that the 2008 and 2010 numbers will eventually end up with a higher percentage for the 2+ Olympians, as some of those competing in 2008 and 2010 will likely compete in 2016 and 2018. The numbers seem to be increasing and if we look at a graph and determine a best fit for the numbers, its fairly obvious that more and more athletes are competing in 2 or more Olympics.

And here is the graph for the Winter Olympics, where there is now almost equilibrium between 1-time Olympians and those competing in 2 or more Games.

The biggest spike for the Winter Games occurs between 1992 and 1994, when the Winter Olympics had their only gap of 2 years between Games.

Now which sports are particularly suited to Olympians competed more than one time? This is as you would expect, with equestrian, fencing, and shooting figuring prominently. But there are a few surprises, and this time we will look at how often Olympians compete 4 or more times, and 6 or more times. Here is the list by sports for the Summer Games – this include all Olympics since 1896:

[table]

Sport,1Games,2+Games,4+Games,6+Games

Archery,76.0%,24.0%,2.4%,0.3%

Athletics (Track & Field),72.3%,27.7%,1.6%,0.0%

Badminton,65.1%,34.9%,1.7%,0.0%

Baseball,85.7%,14.3%,0.3%,0.0%

Basketball,75.9%,24.1%,1.2%,0.0%

Beach Volleyball,65.7%,34.3%,1.6%,0.0%

Boxing,87.6%,12.4%,0.1%,0.0%

Canoe & Kayaking,66.9%,33.1%,3.2%,0.1%

Cycling,79.2%,20.8%,1.2%,0.1%

Diving,66.0%,34.0%,2.4%,0.0%

Equestrianism,70.4%,29.6%,4.3%,1.1%

Fencing,64.6%,35.4%,4.0%,0.2%

Football (Soccer),92.5%,7.5%,0.2%,0.0%

Golf,99.0%,1.0%,0.0%,0.0%

Gymnastics (Artistic),79.4%,20.6%,0.4%,0.0%

Handball,73.8%,26.2%,1.3%,0.0%

Hockey (Field),69.5%,30.5%,1.3%,0.0%

Judo,72.0%,28.0%,1.5%,0.0%

Modern Pentathlon,74.2%,25.8%,1.3%,0.0%

Rhythmic Gymnastics,87.4%,12.6%,0.2%,0.0%

Rowing & Sculling,76.5%,23.5%,1.4%,0.1%

Rugby Football,95.5%,4.5%,0.0%,0.0%

Sailing (Yachting),73.3%,26.7%,3.5%,0.3%

Shooting,68.9%,31.1%,5.0%,0.7%

Softball,76.0%,24.0%,1.1%,0.0%

Swimming,73.2%,26.8%,1.1%,0.0%

Synchronized Swimming,74.5%,25.5%,0.4%,0.0%

Table Tennis,57.4%,42.6%,7.5%,0.8%

Taekwondo,77.5%,22.5%,0.8%,0.0%

Tennis,69.1%,30.9%,1.7%,0.1%

Trampoline,53.4%,46.6%,4.1%,0.0%

Triathlon,66.3%,33.7%,1.0%,0.0%

Volleyball (Indoor),72.7%,27.3%,1.6%,0.0%

Water Polo,67.0%,33.0%,2.8%,0.0%

Weightlifting,72.7%,27.3%,1.4%,0.0%

Wrestling,72.4%,27.6%,1.4%,0.0%

[/table]

What’s up with table tennis, where over 43% of the Olympians compete more than once? Further, fully 7.5% of Olympic table tennis players have competed in 4 or more Olympics, the highest total for any sport, and that approaches twice as much as equestrian (4.3%) and fencing (4.0%), the two next highest sports for that stat. Looking at Olympians competed in 6 or more Games, only equestrian and table tennis have any significant proportion of their Olympians achieving that, with equestrian leading table tennis – 1.1% to 0.8% – of Olympic table tennis players competing in at least 6 Olympics.

Here is the similar list for the Winter Olympians, looking only at 2+ and 4+ Olympians:

[table]

Sport,1Games,2+Games,4+Games

Alpine Skiing,66.0%,34.0%,2.7%

Biathlon,57.6%,42.4%,5.2%

Bobsledding,73.7%,26.3%,2.7%

Cross-Country Skiing,64.7%,35.3%,4.0%

Curling,76.9%,23.1%,0.0%

Figure Skating,71.1%,28.9%,0.9%

Freestyle Skiing,64.0%,36.0%,4.3%

Ice Hockey,70.9%,29.1%,1.6%

Luge,57.2%,42.8%,6.1%

Nordic Combined,67.4%,32.6%,1.9%

Short-Track Speedskating,60.9%,39.1%,2.1%

Skeleton,74.8%,25.2%,0.0%

Ski Jumping,65.8%,34.2%,2.6%

Snowboarding,64.4%,35.6%,0.7%

Speed Skating,59.0%,41.0%,3.8%

[/table]

Not too surprising is that luge sliders compete in more than one Winter Olympics more frequently than other Winter sport Olympians. But it is surprising that biathletes do so almost as frequently as lugers, and biathlon is a very physically rigorous sport. We really can’t explain that.

So if you want to compete in more than one Olympics, pick your sport carefully, and realize you have a much better chance of doing this than your parents or grandparents did.