Sailor, Bronze Medalist, German Industrialist, Metallurgy, German War Minister, Nazi Party Member

[table]

Category,Data

Full Name,Alfried Felix Alwyn von Bohlen und Halbach (-Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach)

Used Name,Alfried von Bohlen und Halbach

Born,13 August 1907; Essen-Nordrhein-Westfalen (GER)

Died,30 July 1967; Essen-Nordrhein-Westfalen (GER)

Affiliations,NRV Hamburg

[/table]

[table]

Year-Games,Sport,Event,Place,Medal

1936 Summer,Sailing,8 metres,3,Bronze

[/table]

Alfried Felix Alwyn Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach, usually known as Alfried Krupp, was the son of the former Bertha Krupp and her husband, Gustav von Bohlen und Halbach, and one whose Olympic participation was a mere footnote to his life. Bertha Krupp was an heir to the well-known Krupp family business, Friedrich Krupp AG Hoesch-Krupp, the largest company in Europe before World War II.

Alfried Krupp studied metallurgy at several German universities, earning a Master’s degree from the Aachener Technische Hochschule in 1934, writing a thesis on melting steel in vacuums, and then joined the family business in 1936. The Krupp company was a steel and metal producer that would eventually contribute greatly to the German war effort.

In 1931 Alfried Krupp joined the German SS (Schutzstaffel) and became a member of the Nazi Party in 1938. When his father suffered a stroke, Alfried Krupp became head of the firm. Under his leadership, the company used slave labor, often removing Jews from concentration camps to help work in the factories. He worked closely with the SS to obtain slave labor from the concentration camps, and made his employees work in very brutal conditions even when it was obvious that the war was lost. Krupp was German Minister for the War Economy 1943-45.

After the war ended, Krupp’s use of slave labor was investigated by the Allied Military Government, and after what was known as the Krupp Trial (technically The United States of America vs. Alfried Krupp, et al.), he was sentenced to 12 years in prison for “crimes against humanity.” He was also required to forfeit much of his property. Krupp was pardoned after three years in prison by John McCloy, America High Commissioner for Germany, and his property was restored.

Alfried Krupp resumed control of his family company in 1953. He led the company until his death in 1967, after which it passed to the Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach Foundation, a philanthropic organization, which remained the majority shareholder into the 21st century, with the company later known as ThyssenKrupp AG, after mergers with other firms.

OlympStats reader David Clark of Australia asked, “What is the shortest or longest time an Olympian has been able to enjoy their Olympic medal prior to their death?” A great question and one we had to work on a little bit to get all the details.

Fully 45 athletes have died within one year of winning their final Olympic medal. Göpf Kottmann, a Swiss rower from 1964, died only 22 days after winning his single sculls bronze medal, closely followed by Swedish fencer Gösta Algren, who lived only 23 days after his fencing team épée silver in 1936. American archer G. C. Spencer won a gold medal in the 1904 team archery event, but enjoyed it for only 28 days, although he was 64-years-old when he won his medal. Here are the 36 that died within 275 days of winning an Olympic medal – an arbitrary number we chose because it gets us to the 1948 Czechoslovakian ice hockey airplane tragedy, in which six of their players died in the crash of their charter plane flying from Paris to London for a match.

[table]

Age2Dth,Died,Name,Gdr,NOC,Ssn,Year,Spt,Event,Med,YB,YE,YD

0-022,32,Göpf Kottmann,M,SUI,S,1964,ROW,Single Sculls,B,1932,1964,1964

0-023,30,Gösta Almgren,M,SWE,S,1936,FEN,Épée Team,S,1906,1936,1936

0-028,64,G. C. Spencer,M,USA,S,1904,ARC,Team,G,1840,1904,1904

0-048,27,Rich Sanders,M,USA,S,1972,WRE,Light-Middle FS,S,1945,1972,1972

0-062,24,Piet Salomons,M,NED,S,1948,WAP,Water Polo,B,1924,1948,1948

0-068,30,Miguel Caldés,M,CUB,S,2000,BSB,Baseball,S,1970,2000,2000

0-081,23,José de Figueroa,M,ESP,S,1920,POL,Polo,S,1897,1920,1920

0-088,35,David Bratton,M,USA,S,1904,WAP,Water Polo,G,1869,1904,1904

0-091,20,Bekzat Sattarkhanov,M,KAZ,S,2000,BOX,Light-Middleweight,G,1980,2000,2000

0-101,42,John Black,M,CAN,S,1924,SHO,Trap Team,S,1882,1924,1924

0-103,22,Waldemar Malak,M,POL,S,1992,WLT,Middle-Heavy,B,1970,1992,1992

0-106,33,Gösta Magnusson,M,SWE,S,1948,WLT,Light-Heavy,B,1915,1948,1948

0-113,15,Bianca Ambrosetti,F,ITA,S,1928,GYM,Team All-Around,S,1914,1928,1929

0-122,26,George Van Cleaf,M,USA,S,1904,WAP,Water Polo,G,1879,1904,1905

0-126,26,Yuliya Riabchynska,F,URS,S,1972,CAN,K1-500 m,G,1947,1972,1973

0-130,26,John B. Taylor,M,USA,S,1908,ATH,1600 medley relay,G,1882,1908,1908

0-143,23,Viktor Blinov,M,URS,W,1968,ICH,Ice Hockey,G,1945,1968,1968

0-150,45,Selwin Calverley,M,GBR,S,1900,SAI,20+ Ton,S,1855,1900,1900

0-151,22,Ivo Van Damme,M,BEL,S,1976,ATH,1500 metres,S,1954,1976,1976

0-161,24,Konrad Hirsch,M,SWE,S,1924,FTB,Football,B,1900,1924,1924

0-205,27,Joseph Olivier,M,FRA,S,1900,RUG,Rugby,G,1874,1900,1901

0-212,59,Petre Roşca,M,ROU,S,1980,EQU,Dressage Team,B,1922,1980,1981

0-212,25,Kostas Tsiklitiras,M,GRE,S,1912,ATH,Standing High Jump,B,1888,1912,1913

0-217,25,Kostas Tsiklitiras,M,GRE,S,1912,ATH,Standing Long Jump,G,1888,1912,1913

0-218,26,Sayed Jaffar,M,IND,S,1936,HOK,Hockey,G,1911,1936,1937

0-222,31,Radivoj Korać,M,YUG,S,1968,BAS,Basketball,S,1938,1968,1969

0-240,33,George Calnan,M,USA,S,1932,FEN,Épée Team,B,1900,1932,1933

0-246,33,George Calnan,M,USA,S,1932,FEN,Foil Team,B,1900,1932,1933

0-255,24,George Saling,M,USA,S,1932,ATH,110 m hurdles,G,1909,1932,1933

0-269,24,Miloslav Bednařík,M,TCH,S,1988,SHO,Trap,S,1965,1988,1989

0-274,30,Zdeněk Jarkovský,M,TCH,W,1948,ICH,Ice Hockey,S,1918,1948,1948

0-274,22,Miloslav Pokorný,M,TCH,W,1948,ICH,Ice Hockey,S,1926,1948,1948

0-274,25,Karel Stibor,M,TCH,W,1948,ICH,Ice Hockey,S,1923,1948,1948

0-274,31,Vilibald Šťovík,M,TCH,W,1948,ICH,Ice Hockey,S,1917,1948,1948

0-274,34,Ladislav Troják,M,TCH,W,1948,ICH,Ice Hockey,S,1914,1948,1948

[/table]

Bekzat Sattarkhanov

Now who was able to enjoy their medal for the longest time? Fifty-seven (57) now deceased Olympic medalists lived 75 or more years after winning their Olympic medal, led by Finnish gymnast Jalmari Kivenheimo, who won a silver medal in 1912 and lived 82 years, 111 days more (although this record is being broken by Clara Marangoni, who is still living – see below). American diver Aileen Riggin lived longer than any gold medalist after winning that gold, as she survived 82 years, 51 days after her victory in 1920 at age 14 – although technically this record has already been broken by a living Olympian – see the note at the end of the following table. Here are all those who lived 78 or more years after winning an Olympic medal:

[table]

Age2Dth,Died,Name,Gdr,NOC,Ssn,Year,Spt,Event,Med,YB,YE,YD

82-111,105,Jalmari Kivenheimo,M,FIN,S,1912,GYM,Team All-Around,S,1889,1912,1994

82-051,96,Aileen Riggin,F,USA,S,1920,DIV,Springboard,G,1906,1920,2002

80-229,105,Harry Prieste,M,USA,S,1920,DIV,Platform,B,1896,1920,2001

80-024,102,Babe Rockefeller,M,USA,S,1924,ROW,Coxed Eights,G,1902,1924,2004

79-185,95,Carolina Tronconi,F,ITA,S,1928,GYM,Team All-Around,S,1913,1928,2008

79-151,97,Cissie Stewart,F,GBR,S,1928,SWI,4 x 100 m FS relay,S,1911,1928,2008

79-137,97,Gertrude Ederle,F,USA,S,1924,SWI,400 m FS,B,1906,1924,2003

79-112,95,Carin Nilsson,F,SWE,S,1920,SWI,4 x 100 m FS relay,B,1904,1920,1999

79-066,97,Jam Handy,M,USA,S,1904,SWI,400 m Breaststroke,B,1886,1904,1983

79-044,99,Abel Kiviat,M,USA,S,1912,ATH,1500 m,S,1892,1912,1991

78-363,101,Attilio Pavesi,M,ITA,S,1932,CYC,Road Race Indiv,G,1910,1932,2011

78-357,103,Carmelo Camet,M,ARG,S,1928,FEN,Foil Team,B,1904,1928,2007

78-229,105,Lucien Démanet,M,FRA,S,1900,GYM,Individual All-Around,B,1874,1900,1979

78-220,99,Roger Beaufrand,M,FRA,S,1928,CYC,Sprint,G,1908,1928,2007

78-210,101,Herman Brix,M,USA,S,1928,ATH,Shot Put,S,1906,1928,2007

78-093,96,Aileen Riggin,F,USA,S,1924,DIV,Springboard,S,1906,1924,2002

78-064,98,Harry Glancy,M,USA,S,1924,SWI,4 x 200 m FS relay,G,1904,1924,2002

78-057,96,Max Décugis,M,FRA,S,1900,TEN,Doubles,S,1882,1900,1978

78-037,98,Georg Werner,M,SWE,S,1924,SWI,4 x 200 m FS relay,B,1904,1924,2002

[/table]

Aileen Riggin
The above record is at risk of being broken by a still-living Olympian. Evelyn Furtsch was an American sprinter who won a gold medal at the 1932 Olympics in the 4×100 relay, and is still alive as of October 2014 – 82 years, and about 90 days, after winning her Olympic medal.

So then we started thinking – who are the Olympians, not just medalists, who lived for the longest time or the shortest time after their final Olympic appearance? Here we measured the time not from the end of their event, but from the day of the Closing Ceremony.

Sadly, eight (8) Olympians did not live to see the Closing Ceremony. We know of the 11 Israelis who were murdered at München in 1972, with four of those having already competed as Olympians. Only two athletes died while competing in the Olympics – Knut Enemark Jensen, a Danish cyclist who succumbed during the 1960 cycling team time trial; and Francisco Lazaro, a Portuguese marathoner who died the day after the 1912 marathon.

Two athletes died during the Games after competing but not from the effects of the events or from being cowardly murdered. After losing his first match in 1936 featherweight boxing, Romanian Nicolae Berechet developed a carbuncle which quickly spread into blood poisoning and in the pre-antibiotic days, he died only three days after his Olympic bout, and two days before the Closing Ceremony. In 1956, Italian rower Arrigo Meniccoci competed in coxed eights, but after his event ended, he went for a car ride and was killed in a crash 7 days before the Closing Ceremony.

This does not include athletes who died in training, but never actually competed in the Olympics, such as Nodar Kumaritashvili, the Georgian luger who died the day before the 2010 Vancouver Opening Ceremony during a training run; Kazimierz Kay-Skrzypecki, the British/Polish luger who likewise died in training before the 1964 Innsbruck Games; Czechoslovak gymnast Eliska Mišaková, who developed polio after arriving in London for the 1948 Olympics, and died the day before the Opening Ceremony; or Australian downhiller skiier Ross Milne, who died before the Innsbruck Games after crashing on a training run.

Here are all the Olympians who died less than 7 weeks after the Closing Ceremony of an Olympics:

[table]

Age2Dth,AgeDth,Name,Gdr,Ssn,NOC,Sport,LastOly,YrBth,YrDth

-16 days,23,Knud Enemark Jensen,M,S,DEN,CYC,1960,1936,1960

-12 days,19,Francisco Lázaro,M,S,POR,ATH,1912,1891,1912

-7 days,24,Arrigo Menicocci,M,S,ITA,ROW,1956,1933,1956

-6 days,28,David Berger,M,S,ISR,WLT,1972,1944,1972

-6 days,28,Ze’ev Friedman,M,S,ISR,WLT,1972,1944,1972

-6 days,31,Yossef Romano,M,S,ISR,WLT,1972,1940,1972

-6 days,24,Eliezer Halfin,M,S,ISR,WRE,1972,1948,1972

-2 days,21,Nicolae Berechet,M,S,ROU,BOX,1936,1915,1936

0-007,23,Tony Zasada,M,S,CAN,ROW,1984,1960,1984

0-007,23,Moritz Heidegger,M,W,LIE,BOB,1956,1932,1956

0-013,32,Göpf Kottmann,M,S,SUI,ROW,1964,1932,1964

0-014,26,Jonatan Johansson,M,W,SWE,SNB,2006,1980,2006

0-015,29,Gösta Almgren,M,S,SWE,FEN,1936,1906,1936

0-027,23,Aurelio Janet,M,S,CUB,ATH,1968,1945,1968

0-029,22,Thomas Pleisch,M,W,SUI,ICH,1936,1913,1936

0-034,64,G. C. Spencer,M,S,USA,ARC,1904,1840,1904

0-037,27,Rich Sanders,M,S,USA,WRE,1972,1945,1972

0-042,21,Leo Portelance,M,S,CAN,SWI,1952,1931,1952

0-046,24,George Gardiner,M,S,GBR,WRE,1924,1900,1924

[/table]

Knud Enemark Jensen

What about those who lived the longest after their final Olympic appearance? Thirteen (13) Olympians lived for 80 or more years after they left the Olympic stage. Here is the list:

[table]

Age2Dth,AgeDth,Name,Gdr,Ssn,NOC,Sport,LstOly,YrBth,YrDth

86-210,103,Ivo Pavelić,M,S,YUG,SWI,1924,1908,2011

85-286,104,Signe Johansson,F,S,SWE,DIV,1924,1905,2010

82-311,102,Rezső Kende,M,S,HUN,GYM,1928,1908,2011

82-110,98,Maud Sundberg,F,S,SWE,ATH,1928,1911,2010

82-094,105,Jalmari Kivenheimo,M,S,FIN,GYM,1912,1889,1994

81-343,99,Helen Johns,F,S,USA,SWI,1932,1914,2014

81-338,102,Willem Winkelman,M,S,NED,ATH,1908,1887,1990

81-183,99,Elsa Andersson,F,S,SWE,DIV,1912,1894,1994

81-178,104,Andrejs Kapmals,M,S,RUS,ATH,1912,1889,1994

81-053,102,Hans Kleppen,M,W,NOR,SKJ,1928,1907,2009

80-228,104,Harry Prieste,M,S,USA,DIV,1920,1896,2001

80-141,100,John Dellert,M,S,USA,GYM,1904,1884,1985

80-014,102,Babe Rockefeller,M,S,USA,ROW,1924,1902,2004

[/table]

There are two additions to this list still alive – Clara Marangoni, an Italian gymnast from the 1928 Olympics, is the only known Olympian still alive who competed at the Amsterdam Games – she is now in her 86th year after her final Olympic appearance, and is close to bettering Pavelić’s mark; and Evelyn Furtsch, as mentioned above, now 82 years after her Olympic appearance.

While researching this topic we found another interesting tidbit. How many Olympic athletes never saw their 20^th birthday? Sadly, it has happened eight times. An Italian gymnast from 1928, Bianca Ambrosetti, was the youngest, dying at age 15 after competing when she was 14. Three on this list died in the 1961 US Figure Skating tragedy when their plane crashed in Belgium while travelling to the 1962 World Championships. Here is the list of Olympic teenagers who died:

[table]

AgeDth,Name,Gender,Season,NOC,Sport,Oly,YrBth,YrDth

15,Bianca Ambrosetti,F,S,ITA,GYM,1928,1914,1929

17,Laurie Owen,F,W,USA,FSK,1960,1944,1961

18,Ray Hadley Jr.,M,W,USA,FSK,1960,1943,1961

18,Viktoriya Dimitrova,F,W,BUL,FSK,1992,1976,1994

19,Marián Havlíček,M,S,TCH,CAN,1972,1953,1972

19,Amar Garibović,M,W,SRB,CCS,2010,1991,2010

19,Ila Ray Hadley,F,W,USA,FSK,1960,1942,1961

19,Sandra Schmitt,F,W,GER,FRS,1998,1981,2000

[/table]

What about the other end of the spectrum? Fortunately, many Olympians have lived long, full lives. At least fifty-nine (59) Olympians have died after their 100^th birthday (this is not always easy to track), led by Walter Walsh, American shooter from 1948, who died earlier in 2014 just short of his 107^th birthday – the longest-lived Olympian ever.

So there you have it, David. Thanx for the interesting question and we hope we answered it for you.

Rower, gold medalist, pediatrician, author, peace activist, Presidential candidate

[table]

Category,Data

Full Name,Benjamin McLane “Ben” Spock

Used Name,Ben Spock

Born,2 May 1903; New Haven Connecticut (USA)

Died,15 March 1998; La Jolla California (USA)

Measurements,196 cm

Affiliations,Yale University

[/table]

[table]

Year-Games,Sport,Event,Place,Medal

1924 Summer,Rowing,Coxed Eights,1,Gold

[/table]

Ben Spock ran track for one year at Yale and rowed crew for four years, but his college career pales beside his accomplishments afterwards. After college he started med school at Yale, then transferred to Columbia, where he earned his M.D. and became a pediatrician. As the author of Baby and Child Care, Dr. Spock is a name known to millions of parents in this country. The book was written while Spock practiced pediatrics in New York and sold over 25,000,000 copies. He also wrote five other books on child care.

During the 60s, Dr Benjamin Spock was in the news for other reasons. He took a strong stand against nuclear proliferation and participated in several protests against military escalation in Vietnam. In 1972, Ben Spock became the first former U.S. Olympic athlete to run for the United States presidency on the People’s Party ticket in 1972, but received only 78,759 votes (about 0.1%). He espoused radical political action and severe reduction of the military but received no electoral votes. After he retired from practicing medicine, he did some occasional public speaking, usually at universities or for the benefit of peace groups.

So which nation has the most important female athletes? No, we don’t mean which nation’s women have won the most medals, that would be the United States, as it is for the men. But which nations’ women have won the highest percentage of the medals for their country?

There are actually 5 countries where all of their medals have been won by women: Bahrain, Costa Rica, Montenegro, Mozambique, and Zimbabwer. Of those, Zimbabwe has won the most medals with only 8. This 100%-er list follows:

[table]

NOC,Gold,Medals,GW,MW,%G,%TM

Zimbabwe,3,8,3,8,100.0%,100.0%

Costa Rica,1,4,1,4,100.0%,100.0%

Mozambique,1,2,1,2,100.0%,100.0%

Bahrain,0,1,0,1,—–,100.0%

Montenegro,0,1,0,1,—–,100.0%

[/table]

But this seems a bit of a specious argument, with so few overall medals won. Let’s look only at the nations that won 100 or more medals overall (both men, women, and mixed), and see how their women did. Here is that list:

[table]

NOC,Gold,Medals,GW,MW,%G,%TM

China,213,526,120,303,56.3%,57.6%

Romania,88,302,58,153,65.9%,50.7%

The Ukraine,35,122,18,59,51.4%,48.4%

German Demo. Rep.,192,519,94,241,49.0%,46.4%

Russia,183,528,72,218,39.3%,41.3%

The Netherlands,115,377,52,151,45.2%,40.1%

Australia,144,485,58,189,40.3%,39.0%

Unified Team,54,135,16,52,29.6%,38.5%

Canada,121,443,46,166,38.0%,37.5%

Korea (South),107,296,45,103,42.1%,34.8%

Germany,288,915,88,300,30.6%,32.8%

Spain,38,133,9,38,23.7%,28.6%

Austria,79,307,21,87,26.6%,28.3%

Soviet Union,473,1204,122,331,25.8%,27.5%

Bulgaria,52,220,12,59,23.1%,26.8%

United States,1071,2682,277,701,25.9%,26.1%

Fed. Rep. Germany,67,243,18,63,26.9%,25.9%

Cuba,71,202,12,49,16.9%,24.3%

Japan,140,443,28,102,20.0%,23.0%

Poland,70,291,12,65,17.1%,22.3%

Hungary,167,480,37,102,22.2%,21.3%

Great Britain,246,805,43,164,17.5%,20.4%

Brazil,23,108,5,22,21.7%,20.4%

Czechoslovakia,51,168,13,33,25.5%,19.6%

New Zealand,42,101,9,19,21.4%,18.8%

Italy,236,664,37,115,15.7%,17.3%

Denmark,43,179,9,30,20.9%,16.8%

France,235,789,37,132,15.7%,16.7%

Greece,30,110,4,18,13.3%,16.4%

Norway,173,476,24,77,13.9%,16.2%

Switzerland,97,323,18,49,18.6%,15.2%

Sweden,192,626,22,77,11.5%,12.3%

Finland,143,463,12,50,8.4%,10.8%

Belgium,39,149,3,16,7.7%,10.7%

[/table]

China and Romania are the only two nations where their women have won more than 50% of their nations medals and gold medals. Romania is led by their female gymnasts and rowers, while China’s female divers, gymnasts, and weightlifters have won a large percentage of their medals. Romanian women have won an astounding 65.9% of their nations gold medals. And in the era of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany), there were fewer women’s medals available, so their percentages in the high 40s are also impressive, although we do know there were, shall we say, some problems with a few of those.

At the other end of the spectrum, Belgium and Finland bring up the rear, with only about 11% of medals won by women, and about 8% of gold medals won, by far the worst numbers in this subset in both categories.

Overall, women have won about 27.5% of medals and gold medals awarded at the Olympics. So the former Soviet Union is the closest to the median nation, although when it existed, the percentage of women’s medals was likely slightly lower. The United States is also pretty close to the median.

If we look at the other end of the spectrum, we get the following list of nations whose women have never won a medal or gold medal at the Olympics, although their men have won both:

[table]

NOC,Gold,Medals

Iran,15,60

Egypt,7,25

Trinidad & Tobago,2,18

Mixed Team,6,17

Pakistan,3,10

Uruguay,2,10

Uganda,2,7

Dominican Republic,3,6

Luxembourg,2,5

Panama,1,3

Ecuador,1,2

Surinam,1,2

Burundi,1,1

Grenada,1,1

United Arab Emirates,1,1

[/table]

There are also 36 nations which won Olympic medals, but no golds, and none won by a woman. The two nations with the most medals in this category are The Philippines, with 9 medals, and Puerto Rico, with 8.

Since the International Olympic Committee (IOC) was formed in 1894 at the Sorbonne Congress, there have been 536 IOC Members. How many of these have actually competed in the Olympics (and we’re not counting the Arts Competitions, which would add Pierre de Coubertin)?

Well, the direct answer to that question is 112 IOC Members have also been Olympic sports competitors. Of these 23 of the IOC Olympians have been women, which is a fairly high percentage since there have only been 39 female members of the IOC all-time – the first women were only elected to the IOC in 1981 with Finland’s Pirjo Häggmann and Venezuelan Flor Isava-Fonseca.

How many of the IOC Olympians were successful, i.e., actually won Olympic medals? It’s a large percentage, as of the 112 IOC Olympians, 65 have won medals, and 47 actually won gold medals. This group is led by Norway’s Ole Einar Bjørndalen with 13 medals and 8 gold medals, while among the female IOC Olympians, Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic’s Věra Čáslavská leads with 11 medals and 7 gold medals. In all, 14 of the IOC Olympians won 5 or more medals, and 12 of them won 3 or more gold medals.

The first IOC Member to have competed in the Olympics was Greek Alexandros Merkati, who became an IOC Member in 1897, and competed in the Olympic golf event in 1900. He is one of only four IOC Individual Members (see next paragraph) who competed in sports at the Olympics while they served on the IOC, the others being William, Lord Desborough, who served on the IOC from 1905-13, and competed in fencing at the 1906 Intercalated Olympics; Peter Tallberg, elected to the IOC in 1976, but an Olympic sailor for Finland from 1960-80; and Prince Albert II of Monaco, who became an IOC Member in 1985, and then competed in bobsledding at the Olympics five times between 1988 and 2002. Counting Athlete Members, four have competed in the Olympics while on the IOC: Russia’s Aleksandr Popov in swimming, the Czech Republic’s Jan Železný in athletics (javelin), Ukrainian Sergey Bubka in athletics (pole vault), and Great Britain’s Matthew Pinsent in rowing.

In 1999, in response to he Olympic Bribery Scandal, the IOC instituted a new category of IOC Membership termed the Athlete Member. Has this increased the number of IOC Olympians significantly? Certainly has. Since 2000, 38 former Olympians have become IOC Members, 35 of them in the Athlete Member Category. So that is only 3 IOC Individual Member Olympians in the period 2000-14, while there were 74 IOC Individual Member Olympians from 1894-2000, so the rate of former Olympians becoming a full IOC Individual Member has actually decreased significantly.

What about the current IOC Membership? There are currently 111 IOC Members, of which 39 competed at the Olympics at one time. The longest standing of these is Tallberg, as noted above, an Olympic sailor from 1960-80, who became an IOC Member in 1976, and was a long-term chairman of the Athlete’s Commission. The only other IOC Olympian Member who joined the IOC in the 1970s and is still a member is Dick Pound, a 1960 Canadian swimmer who was co-opted onto the IOC in 1978.

Here is the entire list of IOC Olympians, listing their NOCs while on the IOC, their sports, their Olympic span, their IOC tenures, and their medals won:

[table]

Name,Gdr,NOC,Sport,Olympics,Tenure,G,S,B,TM

Alexandros Merkati,M,GRE,GOL,1900,1897-1925,0,0,0,0

Henri Hébrard de Villeneuve,M,FRA,FEN,1900,1900-1911,0,0,0,0

William Lord Desborough,M,GBR,FEN,1906,1905-1913,0,1,0,1

Carlos de Candamo,M,PER,FEN,1900,1905-1922,0,0,0,0

Gheorghe Plagino,M,ROM,SHO,1900,1908-1949,0,0,0,0

Albert Glandaz,M,FRA,SAI,1900,1913-1944,0,0,0,0

Justinien Count Clary,M,FRA,SHO,1900,1919-1933,0,0,1,1

Ernst Krogius,M,FIN,SAI,1912,1920-1948,0,0,0,0

Jacobo Duke de Alba,M,ESP,POL,1920,1924-1927,0,0,0,0

Alberto Count Bonacossa,M,ITA,TEN,1920,1925-1953,0,0,0,0

Karl Ritter von Halt,M,GER,ATH,1912,1929-1964,0,0,0,0

Paolo Count Thaon Di Revel,M,ITA,FEN,1920,1932-1964,1,0,0,1

David Lord Burghley,M,GBR,ATH,1924-1932,1933-1981,1,1,0,2

Arthur Lord Porritt,M,NZL,ATH,1924,1934-1967,0,0,1,1

Avery Brundage,M,USA,ATH,1912,1936-1972,0,0,0,0

Gaston Baron de Trannoy,M,BEL,EQU,1912-1920,1939-1957,0,0,0,0

Charles Pahud de Mortanges,M,NED,EQU,1924-1936,1946-1964,5,2,0,7

Armand Massard,M,FRA,FEN,1920-1928,1946-1970,1,1,1,3

Ioannis Ketseas,M,GRE,TEN,1906,1946-1965,0,0,0,0

Josef Gruss,M,TCH,TEN,1908,1946-1965,0,0,0,0

Olaf Ditlev-Simonsen,M,NOR,SAI,1936,1948-1967,0,1,0,1

Bo Ekelund,M,SWE,ATH,1920,1948-1965,0,0,1,1

Brooks Parker,M,USA,FEN,1920-1924,1950-1951,0,0,0,0

Lewis Luxton,M,AUS,ROW,1932,1951-1974,0,0,0,0

Jean Count de Beaumont,M,FRA,SHO,1924,1951-1990,0,0,0,0

Gustaf Dyrssen,M,SWE,FEN,1920-1936,1952-1970,1,2,0,1

Vladimir Stoychev,M,BUL,EQU,1924-1928,1952-1987,0,0,0,0

Crown Prince Konstantinos II,M,GRE,SAI,1960,1963-1974,1,0,0,1

João Havelange,M,BRA,SWI/WAP,1936-1952,1963-2011,0,0,0,0

Sylvio Padilha,M,BRA,ATH,1932-1936,1964-1995,0,0,0,0

Jim Worrall,M,CAN,ATH,1936,1967-1989,0,0,0,0

Masaji Kiyokawa,M,JPN,SWI,1932-1936,1969-1989,1,0,1,2

Sven Thofelt,M,SWE,FEN,1928-1948,1970-1976,1,0,1,2

Tony Bridge,M,JAM,SHO,1960-1964,1973-2000,0,0,0,0

Julie Roosevelt,M,USA,SAI,1948-1952,1974-1986,1,0,0,1

David McKenzie,M,AUS,FEN,1956-1964,1974-1981,0,0,0,0

Peter Tallberg,M,FIN,SAI,1960-1980,1976-date,0,0,0,0

Kevan Gosper,M,AUS,ATH,1956-1960,1977-2013,0,1,0,1

Roberto Peper,M,ARG,SWI,1932,1977-1999,0,0,0,0

Niels Holst-Sørensen,M,DEN,ATH,1948,1977-2002,0,0,0,0

Dick Pound,M,CAN,SWI,1960,1978-date,0,0,0,0

Pirjo Wilmi-Häggman,F,FIN,ATH,1972-1980,1981-1999,0,0,0,0

Chiharu Igaya,M,JPN,ASK,1952-1960,1982-2012,0,1,0,1

Dame Mary Alison Glen Haig,F,GBR,FEN,1948-1960,1982-1993,0,0,0,0

Phil Coles,M,AUS,CAN,1960-1968,1982-2012,0,0,0,0

Pál Schmitt,M,HUN,FEN,1968-1976,1983-date,1,0,0,2

Prince Albert II of Monaco,M,MON,BOB,1988-2002,1985-date,0,0,0,0

Anita DeFrantz,F,USA,ROW,1976,1986-date,0,0,1,1

Anton Geesink,M,NED,JUD,1964,1987-2010,1,0,0,1

Anne HRH The Princess Royal,F,GBR,EQU,1976,1988-date,0,0,0,0

Frank Nyangweso,M,UGA,BOX,1960,1988-2011,0,0,0,0

Fernando Bello,M,POR,SAI,1968-1972,1989-2009,0,0,0,0

Thomas Bach,M,GER,FEN,1976,1991-date,1,0,0,1

Denis Oswald,M,SUI,ROW,1968-1976,1991-date,0,0,1,1

Jacques Rogge,M,BEL,SAI,1968-1976,1991-2013,0,0,0,0

Valery Borzov,M,UKR,ATH,1972-1976,1994-date,2,1,2,5

Arne Ljungqvist,M,SWE,ATH,1952,1994-2012,0,0,0,0

Věra Čáslavská,F,CZE,GYM,1960-1968,1995-2001,7,4,0,11

Jean-Claude Killy,M,FRA,ASK,1964-1968,1995-2014,3,0,0,3

Yury Titov,M,RUS,GYM,1956-1964,1995-1996,1,5,3,9

Olegario Vázquez Raña,M,MEX,SHO,1964-1976,1995-date,0,0,0,0

Guy Drut,M,FRA,ATH,1972-1976,1996-date,1,1,0,2

Irena Kirszenstein-Szewińska,F,POL,ATH,1964-1980,1998-date,3,2,2,7

Nawal El-Moutawakel,F,MAR,ATH,1984,1998-date,1,0,0,1

Aleksandr Popov,M,RUS,SWI,1992-2004,1999-date,4,5,0,9

Johann Olav Koss,M,NOR,SSK,1992-1994,1999-2001,4,1,0,5

Jan Železný,M,CZE,ATH,1988-2004,1999-2012,3,1,0,4

Manuela Di Centa,F,ITA,CCS,1984-1998,1999-2010,2,2,3,7

Vladimir Smirnov,M,KAZ,CCS,1988-1998,1999-2001,1,4,2,7

Bob Ctvrtlik,M,USA,VOL,1988-1996,1999-2007,1,0,1,2

Sergey Bubka,M,UKR,ATH,1988-2000,1999-date,1,0,0,1

Hassiba Boulmerka,F,ALG,ATH,1988-1996,1999-2000,1,0,0,1

Roland Baar,M,GER,ROW,1988-1996,1999-2004,0,1,1,2

Charmaine Crooks,F,CAN,ATH,1984-1996,1999-2004,0,1,0,1

Susie O’Neill,F,AUS,SWI,1992-2000,2000-2005,2,4,2,8

Kip Keino,M,KEN,ATH,1964-1972,2000-2010,2,2,0,4

Manuel Estiarte,M,ESP,WAP,1980-2000,2000-2004,1,1,0,2

Paul Henderson,M,CAN,SAI,1964-1968,2000-2004,0,0,0,0

Carlos Arthur Nuzman,M,BRA,VOL,1964,2000-2012,0,0,0,0

Alfredo Goyeneche,M,ESP,EQU,1960,2000-2002,0,0,0,0

Randhir Singh,M,IND,SHO,1968-1984,2001-date,0,0,0,0

Matthew Pinsent,M,GBR,ROW,1992-2004,2002-2004,4,0,0,4

Pernilla Wiberg,F,SWE,ASK,1992-2002,2002-2010,2,1,0,2

Ådne Søndrål,M,NOR,SSK,1992-2002,2002-2006,1,1,1,3

Jari Kurri,M,FIN,ICH,1980-1998,2002-2006,0,0,1,1

Hicham El Guerrouj,M,MAR,ATH,1996-2004,2004-2012,2,1,0,3

Frank Fredericks,M,NAM,ATH,1992-2004,2004-date,0,4,0,4

Rania El-Wani,F,EGY,SWI,1992-2000,2004-2012,0,0,0,0

Barbara Anne Kendall,F,NZL,SAI,1992-2004,2005-date,1,1,1,3

Beckie Scott,F,CAN,CCS,1998-2006,2006-2014,1,1,0,2

Saku Koivu,M,FIN,ICH,1994-2006,2006-2014,0,1,2,3

Nicole Hoevertsz,F,ARU,SYF,1984,2006-date,0,0,0,0

Haya HRH Princess Bint Al-Hussein,F,UAE,EQU,2000,2007-date,0,0,0,0

Yumilka Ruiz,F,CUB,VOL,1996-2008,2008-date,2,0,1,3

Mun Dae-Seong,M,KOR,TKW,2004,2008-date,1,0,0,1

Claudia Bokel,F,GER,FEN,1996-2004,2008-date,0,1,0,1

Yang Yang (A),F,CHN,STK,1998-2006,2010-date,2,2,1,5

Angela Ruggiero,F,USA,ICH,1998-2010,2010-date,1,2,1,4

Barry Maister,M,NZL,HOK,1968-1976,2010-date,0,0,0,0

Adam Pengilly,M,GBR,SKE,2006-2010,2010-date,0,0,0,0

José Perurena,M,ESP,CAN,1968,2011-date,0,0,0,0

James Tomkins,M,AUS,ROW,1988-2008,2012-date,3,0,1,4

Tony Estanguet,M,FRA,CAN,2000-2012,2012-date,3,0,0,3

Kirsty Coventry,M,ZIM,SWI,2000-2012,2012-date,2,4,1,7

Danka Barteková,F,SVK,SHO,2008-2012,2012-date,0,0,1,1

Tsunekazu Takeda,M,JPN,EQU,1972-1976,2012-date,0,0,0,0

Stefan Holm,M,SWE,ATH,2000-2008,2013-date,1,0,0,1

Paul Tergat,M,KEN,ATH,1996-2004,2013-date,0,2,0,2

Bernard,M,BRA,VOL,1976-1984,2013-date,0,1,0,1

Ole Einar Bjørndalen,M,NOR,BIA/CCS,1994-2014,2014-date,8,4,1,13

Hayley Wickenheiser,F,CAN,ICH/SOF,1998-2014,2014-date,4,1,0,5

Poul-Erik Høyer Larsen,M,DEN,BDM,1992-2000,2014-date,1,0,0,1

[/table]

Scotland is preparing to vote in a referendum about becoming an independent nation and leaving the United Kingdom. There has been some discussion about what this would mean for Scottish athletes, in particular concerning their Olympic status. IOC President Bach has already come out and said that Scotland would be welcomed into the Olympic Movement as an independent nation, if that occurs. But did you know that Scotland has already competed at the Olympics as an independent nation, even though they have been part of the United Kingdom since 1707?

In 1908, England, Ireland (then part of Great Britain), Scotland, and Wales entered separate national teams in the hockey (field) tournament, with Scotland sharing the bronze medal with Wales. In 1912, England, Ireland, and Scotland entered separate national teams in the cycling road race, with Scotland finishing fourth. All other Scottish appearances at the Olympic Games have come as part of Great Britain’s teams.

Of note, however, Scotland could form its own National Olympic Committee with no delay, as it has affiliations with more than the five requisite IOC-recognized International Federations. Scotland is an independent member of the following nine IFs: Badminton, Basketball, Boxing, Curling, Football (Soccer), Hockey (Field), Table Tennis, Volleyball, and Weightlifting.

Will Scotland again be represented as their own nation at the Olympics? We shall see – its been over 100 years since it occurred, but it has happened.

Bobsleds, Royal Air Force, Le Mans, Formula 1

[table]

Category,Data

Full Name,Robin Michael Widdows

Used Name,Robin Widdows

Born,27 May 1942; Cowley; Hillingdon; Greater London; England

Measurements,178 cm / 80 kg

[/table]

[table]

Year-Season,Sport,Event,Finish

1964 Winter,Bobsleigh,Four-man,13

1968 Winter,Bobsleigh,Four-man,8

[/table]

Robin Widdows’ father, Commodore Charles Widdows, flew for the RAF during the war, and was a test pilot afterwards. Like Alfonso de Portago, Widdows also competed in bobsleigh, although the Spaniard had been the driver, while Widdows formed part of the crew.

Widdows was part of the second British four-man sled in 1964. Steered by Bill McCowen, they ended up in 13th place, just behind the first British sleigh. A week before, two of the crewman of Britain I – Tony Nash and Robin Dixon – had won the gold medal in the two-man bob. Widdows remained on the British team until 1968, taking part in his second Olympics in Grenoble. This time as a member of the first four-man sleigh, which was taken to 8th place by driver Tony Nash.

In the same year Widdows made his first appearance at the Olympics, he also made his racing début. He proved successful, and by 1966 he was racing in Formula 3, and winning races as well, although he was also active in sportscar racing. In 1967, he entered a Brabham in Formula 2 races, racing for his own team, Witley. A win at Hockenheim (Germany) was his best result that year.

More minor successes in Formula 2 the next year – now driving a McLaren – meant he was asked by the Cooper team to drive their second car at the British GP at Brands Hatch. Widdows qualified as 18th of the 20 cars for what would turn out to be his only Formula 1 GP. After 34 laps, his ignition failed, and he had to abandon the race.

His Formula 1 career was over after that race, but Widdows continued to race in other classes. In 1969, he achieved one of his biggest successes when he placed 7th in the 24 hours of Le Mans, with Nanni Galli (ITA). Halfway through the 1970 season however, while still racing Formula 2, Widdows quit racing.

What are the longest lived Olympic records? Well, Olympic records can only be set in certain sports. At the Summer Games, this includes athletics (track & field), swimming, shooting, weightlifting, archery, and Olympic bests are usually considered now in rowing and canoeing. At the Winter Games, the measured sports are speed skating and short-track speed skating, with the best jumps measured in ski jumping.

Let’s consider only athletics at the Summer Olympics for starters. And we have to make some assumptions, as we commonly do. We’re going to consider marks that have lasted the most Olympics, because the gap from 1936-48 and 1912-20 artificially made records last longer that were set in 1912 or 1932-36. So we’ll consider Olympics Between (OlyBT below) and Years Between (YrsBT below). Also, some marks were set a number of Olympics ago but are still the best on record. We’ll consider all of those to last until 2016 (at a minimum, that is true).

Given that, here are all the athletics Olympic records that have lasted 20+ years or 5 or more Olympics.

[table]

OlyBT,YrBT,Event,Mark,Athlete(s),NOC,Year,City

12,48,LJ,8.90A,Bob Beamon,USA,1968,Mexico City

7,28,Steeplechase,8:05.51,Julius Kariuki,KEN,1988,Seoul

7,28,SP,22.47,Ulf Timmermann,GDR,1988,Seoul

7,28,HT,84.80,Sergey Litvinov,URS,1988,Seoul

6,24,400,43.86A,Lee Evans,USA,1968,Mexico City

6,24,5K,13:05.59,Saïd Aouita,MAR,1984,Los Angeles

6,24,Marathon,2-09:21.0,Carlos Lopes,POR,1984,Los Angeles

6,24,400IH,46.78,Kevin Young,USA,1992,Barcelona

6,24,4×400,2:56.16A,Matthews/Freeman/James/Evans,USA,1968,Mexico City

6,24,LJ,7.765,Bob LeGendre,USA,1924,Paris

5,24,HT,54.74,Matt McGrath,USA,1912,Stockholm

5,20,100,9.95A,Jim Hines,USA,1968,Mexico City

5,20,200,[21.6],Archie Hahn,USA,1904,St. Louis

5,20,400,43.49,Michael Johnson,USA,1996,Atlanta

5,20,50KM Wk,3-38:29,Vyacheslav Ivanenko,URS,1988,Seoul

5,20,HJ,2.39,Charles Austin,USA,1996,Atlanta

5,20,TJ,17.39A,Viktor Saneyev,URS,1968,Mexico City

5,20,TJ,18.09,Kenny Harrison,USA,1996,Atlanta

5,20,Deca,8847,Daley Thompson,GBR,1984,Los Angeles

3,20,4×400,3:08.2,Fuqua/Ablowich/Warner/Carr,USA,1932,Los Angeles

3,20,JT,72.71,Matti Järvinen,FIN,1932,Los Angeles

,,,,,,

9,36,800,1:53.43,Nadezhda Olizarenko,URS,1980,Moscow

9,36,SP,22.41,Ilona Schoknecht-Slupianek,GDR,1980,Moscow

8,32,4×100,41.60,Müller/Eckert-Wöckel/Auerswald-Lange/Oelsner-Göhr,GDR,1980,Moscow

7,28,100,10.62,Florence Griffith Joyner,USA,1988,Seoul

7,28,200,21.34,Florence Griffith Joyner,USA,1988,Seoul

7,28,1500,3:54.0,Paula Ivan,ROU,1988,Seoul

7,28,4×400,3:15.18,Ledovskaya/Nazarova/Pinigina/Bryzgina,URS,1988,Seoul

7,28,LJ,7.40,Jackie Joyner-Kersee,USA,1988,Seoul

7,28,DT,72.30,Martina Hellmann,GDR,1988,Seoul

7,28,Hept,7291,Jackie Joyner-Kersee,USA,1988,Seoul

5,20,400,48.25,Marie-José Pérec,FRA,1996,Atlanta

1,32,800,2:16.8,Lina Radke-Batschauer,GER,1928,Amsterdam

[/table]

Now there are caveats, as there usually are. Beamon’s miracle long jump in Mexico City will last at least 48 years, through 2016, and likely longer, as there is nobody on the horizon about to better 8.90 metres. But the mark was altitude-aided, and the Association of Track & Field Statisticians (ATFS), of which I am a member, usually considers altitude-aided marks in the sprints and horizontal jumps differently. The next best among men, and the top two marks for women, were both set in the 1980s, and shall we say, there are a number of rumors about marks set in that era. If you look at the women’s marks, unfortunately, everything was set from 1980-88 until we get to Marie-José Péréc’s 400 metre mark of 48.25 set in Atlanta in 1996. Please also note Lina Radke-Batschauer’s 800 metre mark from Amsterdam. While it lasted until 1960, it only lasted 1 Olympics, because women did not run the 800 metres from 1932-56.

Of the remaining men’s marks, the one that looks to me to have the best chance to continue to rule is Kevin Young’s 400 hurdles mark of 46.78, set in Barcelona. He remains the only hurdler to better 47 seconds, and nobody is threatening that mark these days. Among the women, nobody is approaching all those Olympic records from the 1980s.

What about the best marks by event. Here they are, for men and women, with a few extras thrown in to cover the various “yeah, buts …”:

Men

[table]

OlyBT,YrBT,Event,Mark,Athlete(s),NOC,Year,City

5,20,100,9.95A,Jim Hines,USA,1968,Mexico City

5,20,200,21.6,Archie Hahn,USA,1904,St. Louis

6,24,400,43.86A,Lee Evans,USA,1968,Mexico City

5,20,400,43.49,Michael Johnson,USA,1996,Atlanta

4,16,800,1:42.58,Vebjørn Rodal,NOR,1996,Atlanta

3,16,800,1:51.9,Ted Meredith,USA,1912,Stockholm

2,16,800,1:49.7,Tommy Hampson,GBR,1932,Los Angeles

4,16,1500,3:34.91,Kip Keino,KEN,1968,Mexico City

4,16,1500,3:32.53,Sebastian Coe,GBR,1984,Los Angeles

4,16,1500,3:32.07,Noah Ngeny,KEN,2000,Sydney

2,16,1500,3:47.8,Jack Lovelock,NZL,1936,Berlin

6,24,5K,13:05.59,Saïd Aouita,MAR,1984,Los Angeles

4,16,10K,27:38.34,Lasse Virén,FIN,1972,Munich

2,16,10K,30:11.4,Janusz Kusociński,POL,1932,Los Angeles

6,24,Marathon,2-09:21.0,Carlos Lopes,POR,1984,Los Angeles

7,28,Steeplechase,8:05.51,Julius Kariuki,KEN,1988,Seoul

3,12,110HH,13.24,Rod Milburn,USA,1972,Munich

3,12,110HH,12.91,Liu Xiang,CHN,2004,Athens

2,12,110HH,15.0,Forrest Smithson,USA,1908,London

1,12,110HH,14.1,Forrest Towns,USA,1936,Berlin

6,24,400IH,46.78,Kevin Young,USA,1992,Barcelona

3,12,20K Wk,1-19:57,Jozef Pribilinec,TCH,1988,Seoul

3,12,20K Wk,1-18:59,Robert Korzeniowski,POL,2000,Sydney

5,20,50K Wk,3-38:29,Vyacheslav Ivanenko,URS,1988,Seoul

4,16,4×100,37.40,Marsh/Burrell/Mitchell/Lewis,USA,1992,Barcelona

6,24,4×400,2:56.16A,Matthews/Freeman/James/Evans,USA,1968,Mexico City

5,20,HJ,2.39,Charles Austin,USA,1996,Atlanta

2,16,PV,4.35,Earle Meadows,USA,1936,Berlin

2,8,PV,4.09,Frank Foss,USA,1920,Antwerp

2,8,PV,5.78,Władysław Kozakiewicz,POL,1980,Moscow

2,8,PV,5.90,Sergey Bubka,URS,1988,Seoul

2,8,PV,5.92,Jean Galfione,FRA,1996,Atlanta

2,8,PV,5.92,Igor Trandenkov,RUS,1996,Atlanta

2,8,PV,5.92,Andrej Tiwontschik,GER,1996,Atlanta

12,48,LJ,8.90A,Bob Beamon,USA,1968,Mexico City

6,24,LJ,7.765,Bob LeGendre,USA,1924,Paris

5,20,TJ,17.39A,Viktor Saneyev,URS,1968,Mexico City

5,20,TJ,18.09,Kenny Harrison,USA,1996,Atlanta

7,28,SP,22.47,Ulf Timmermann,GDR,1988,Seoul

3,12,DT,68.28,Mac Wilkins,USA,1976,Montreal

3,12,DT,69.89,Virgilijus Alekna,LTU,2004,Athens

2,12,DT,45.21,Armas Taipale,FIN,1912,Stockholm

1,12,DT,50.48,Ken Carpenter,USA,1936,Berlin

7,28,HT,84.80,Sergey Litvinov,URS,1988,Seoul

3,20,JT,72.71,Matti Järvinen,FIN,1932,Los Angeles

3,12,JT,85.71,Egil Danielsen,NOR,1956,Melbourne

3,12,JT,94.58,Miklós Németh,HUN,1976,Montreal

5,20,Deca,8847,Daley Thompson,GBR,1984,Los Angeles

[/table]

Women

[table]

OlyBT,YrBT,Event,Mark,Athlete(s),NOC,Year,City

7,28,100,10.62,Florence Griffith Joyner,USA,1988,Seoul

7,28,200,21.34,Florence Griffith Joyner,USA,1988,Seoul

5,20,400,48.25,Marie-José Pérec,FRA,1996,Atlanta

9,36,800,1:53.43,Nadezhda Olizarenko,URS,1980,Moscow

7,28,1500,3:54.0,Paula Ivan,ROU,1988,Seoul

4,16,5K,14:40.79,Gabriela Szabo,ROU,2000,Sydney

2,8,10K,31:05.21,Olga Bondarenko,URS,1988,Seoul

2,8,10K,30:17.49,Derartu Tulu,ETH,2000,Sydney

2,8,10K,29:54.66,Tirunesh Dibaba,ETH,2008,Beijing

4,16,Marathon,2-24:52,Joan Benoit,USA,1984,Los Angeles

4,16,100HH,12.38,Yordanka Donkova,BUL,1988,Seoul

2,8,400IH,53.17,Debbie Flintoff-King,AUS,1988,Seoul

2,8,400IH,52.82,Deon Hemmings,JAM,1996,Atlanta

2,8,400IH,52.64,Melaine Walker,JAM,2008,Beijing

2,8,Steeplechase,8:58.81,Gulnara Galkina-Samytova,RUS,2008,Beijing

2,8,20KM Wk,1-29:05,Wang Liping,CHN,2000,Sydney

8,32,4×100,41.60,Müller/Eckert-Wöckel/Auerswald-Lange/Oelsner-Göhr,GDR,1980,Moscow

7,28,4×400,3:15.18,Ledovskaya/Nazarova/Pinigina/Bryzgina,URS,1988,Seoul

3,12,HJ,2.06,Yelena Slesarenko,RUS,2004,Athens

2,16,HJ,1.67,Jean Shiley,USA,1932,Los Angeles

2,8,PV,5.05,Yelena Isinbayeva,RUS,2008,Beijing

7,28,LJ,7.40,Jackie Joyner-Kersee,USA,1988,Seoul

3,12,TJ,15.33,Inessa Kravets,UKR,1996,Atlanta

9,36,SP,22.41,Ilona Schoknecht-Slupianek,GDR,1980,Moscow

7,28,DT,72.30,Martina Hellmann,GDR,1988,Seoul

1,4,HT,71.16,Kamila Skolimowska,POL,2000,Sydney

1,4,HT,75.02,Olga Kuzenkova,RUS,2004,Athens

1,4,HT,76.34,Aksana Miankova,BLR,2008,Beijing

1,4,HT,78.18,Tatyana Lysenko,RUS,2012,London

3,12,JT,74.68,Petra Felke-Meier,GDR,1988,Seoul

3,12,JT,71.53,Osleidys Menéndez,CUB,2004,Athens

2,8,Pent,5246,Irina Press,URS,1964,Tokyo

2,8,Pent,4801,Mary Peters,GBR,1972,Munich

7,28,Hept,7291,Jackie Joyner-Kersee,USA,1988,Seoul

[/table]

We’ll look at a similar analysis for the swimming Olympic records in a few weeks.