Katie Ledecky swims the 200 freestyle final tonite, with a chance for her second gold medal of the Rio Olympics, after winning the 400 freestyle a few nights ago. She is probably a co-favorite with Sweden’s Sarah Sjoström. Should Ledecky win the 200 tonite, she will become the 3rd woman, and 6th swimmer, to double in the 200-400 freestyle at the same Olympic Games. The others are:

[table]

Name,Gender,NOC,Year

Debbie Meyer,F,USA,1968

Shane Gould,F,AUS,1972

Yevgeny Sadovy,M,EUN,1992

Danyon Loader,M,NZL,1996

Ian Thorpe,M,AUS,2004

[/table]

Katie Ledecky crushed the world record last night in the women’s 400 metre freestyle, swimming 3:56.46, to better her own world record by 1.91 seconds. Since swimming world records converted to all LCM marks in the late 1950s, that is the 7^th largest improvement in the women’s 400 free world mark – see the table below. Further, in an era in which records are often improved by 100ths of a second, the mark is a quantum leap, as it has been 40 years since anyone improved the 400 free world record by a larger margin, done in 1976 by Barbara Krause at the GDR Olympic Trials, most likely with a little, shall we say, assistance. The all-time best in this category is held by Debbie Meyer, the woman whose marks Ledecky is chasing in Rio, who won the 200-400-800 freestyle treble at the 1968 Mexico City Olympics, and improved the WR by 3.8 seconds at the 1967 Pan American Games. Second is another swim legend to whom Ledecky can aspire, Shane Gould, who won gold at the 1972 Olympics by bettering the world mark by 3.16 seconds. But that was all in a different era.

[table]

Mark,Improvement,Name,NOC,Date,Event

4:32.6,3.8,Debbie Meyer,USA,27 July 1967,Pan American Games

4:19.04,3.16,Shane Gould,AUS,30 August 1972,Olympic Games

4:11.69,3.07,Barbara Krause,GDR,3 June 1976,GDR Olympic Trials

4:42.0,2.5,Marilyn Ramenofsky,USA,11 July 1964,

4:26.7,2.3,Debbie Meyer,USA,1 August 1968,AAU Championships

4:39.5,2.2,Marilyn Ramenofsky,USA,31 August 1964,

3:56.46,1.91,Katie Ledecky,USA,7 August 2016,Olympic Games

[/table]

Michael Phelps helped the USA win gold in the 4×100 freestyle relay. It was Olympic medal #23  and Olympic gold medal #19. Not as well known, however, is that it was his 8^th gold medal in a relay, which equalled the @TeamUSA record, and the overall Olympic record, of 8 gold medals in team events. Phelps is now tied with another @TeamUSA swimmer, Jenny Thompson, who won 8 gold medals in relay events between 1992 and 2000. Three Olympians have won 6 gold medals in team events – USA swimmer Matt Biondi, German canoeist Birgit Fischer-Schmidt, and Hungarian fencer Aladár Gerevich.

The United States women defeated Senegal today in basketball, 121-56, a 65 point margin. Is that the largest margin in Olympic history? Not quite – its the third largest, after two 66-point margins for women, one by the former Soviet Union, and one by host nation Brazil, although back in 2004. Here are the largest margins ever in Olympic women’s basketball.

[table]

Margin,Teams,Score,Year/Round

66,Soviet Union d. Italy,119 – 53,1980 Round-Robin

66,Brazil d. Japan,128 – 62,2004 Group A

65,United States d. Senegal, 121-56,2012 Group B

64,Soviet Union d. Canada,115 – 51,1976 Round-Robin

60,United States d. DPR Congo (Kinshasa),107 – 47,1996 Group B

58,Soviet Union d. Hungary,120 – 62,1980 Round-Robin

57,Australia d. Senegal,96 – 39,2000 Group A

56,United States d. Czechoslovakia,111 – 55,1992 Group B

56,United States d. Mali,97 – 41,2008 Group B

55,United States d. Spain,114 – 59,1992 Group B

52,United States d. New Zealand,99 – 47,2004 Group B

52,United States d. Angola,90 – 38,2012 Group A

[/table]

And here are the largest margins in men’s Olympic basketball.

[table]

Margin,Teams,Score,Year/Round

100,Korea (South) d. Iraq,120 – 20,1948 Group B

100,China d. Iraq,125 – 25,1948 Group B

83,United States d. Nigeria,156 – 73,2012 Group A

82,Chile d. Iraq,100 – 18,1948 Group B

78,Belgium d. Iraq,98 – 20,1948 Group B

73,Brazil d. India,137 – 64,1980 Group A

72,The Philippines d. Iraq,102 – 30,1948 Group B

72,United States d. Thailand,101 – 29,1956 Group A

72,Soviet Union d. Morocco,123 – 51,1968 Group B

68,United States d. The Philippines,121 – 53,1956 Group A

68,Czechoslovakia d. India,133 – 65,1980 Group A

68,United States d. Angola,116 – 48,1992 Group A

[/table]

As you can see those two 1948 margins are quite a bit larger than any women’s game, and even 17 points more than the margin by which the USA men defeated Nigeria in 2012. The 1992 USA Dream Team’s largest margin of 68 only comes in =10^th on this list.

Virginia Thrasher (USA) won the women’s air rifle gold medal this morning for the first gold medal of the 2016 Rio Olympics.

The USA has also won the first gold medal at the Summer Olympics in 1896, 1904, 1924, 1952, 1956, 1984, and 2000.

Thrasher is the third USA woman to win the first gold medal of a Summer Olympics, after Connie-Carpenter Phinney, in the 1984 women’s cycling road race; and Nancy Napolski-Johnson, also in the women’s air rifle, in 2000.

Sometime during the coming fortnight, a United States athlete will win a gold medal and it will be the 1,000^th gold medal won by a US Olympian at the Summer Olympic Games. The problem comes in knowing which one that will be, and we’re not talking about predicting who it will be.

I compile Olympic statistics and do work for the US Olympic Committee at each Olympic Games. I am always asked to compile various lists for the USA Media Guide, and that always includes the list of most medals won by nations. In the list for 2016 I ran the query thru our database and came out with 975 gold medals for the US at the Summer Olympics since 1896. (This did not include 1906, considered unofficial by the IOC, but not the International Society of Olympic Historians (ISOH), which would add another 12 gold medals.)

Then a few days later Infostrada / Gracenote came out with their similar list and had 977 gold medals for the USA. Oops! So I know the guys at the former Infostrada and asked for their data and we compared our lists.

I had a mistake of 1 gold medal, where in a counting field what should have been a 1 was listed as a 0. So my count became 976, which still did not agree with Infostrada / Gracenote. So now what?

Looking at their data, I also noted that InfoGrace had a mistake when they did not include the 1904 women’s team archery event, which the USA won. It is listed as a competition in the Spalding Official Athletic Almanac for 1905, which is considered the 1904 Official Report (except for athletics [track & field], where there was a second report).

Further, InfoGrace had two gold medals I did not list – one in 1904 gymnastics all-around, won by Julius Lenhart, and one in 1904 gymnastics team all-around, won a team from the Philadelphia Turngemeinde, which included Lenhart.

Here is the problem. Lenhart was Austrian, and this has been known since the early 1970s and was discovered by Austrian Erich Kamper, the doyen of Olympic historians and statisticians. We credit the individual all-around gold to Lenhart and to Austria, which is correct. InfoGrace is wrong on that one, I feel, for certain.

The gold medal open to interpretation is the 1904 team all-around. My data credits it to a mixed team, not Austria, and not the United States. In 1900 and 1904, there were several events with teams composed of athletes from various nations. There were no national teams in that era, and athletes basically competed for themselves.

Infostrada / Gracenote conceded on the 1904 women’s archery event, bringing their total to 978, but would not yield on the Lenhart question. This is despite the fact that their results for the 1904 individual all-around also listed Lenhart as Austrian, as he was.

Now, I will admit that the team all-around gold is open to interpretation and somewhat controversial. However, I still think 978 is wrong. I’m sticking with 976 gold medals, although I would concede 977, if somebody wants to use that.

The problem then is who will win the 1,000^th gold medal for the USA? Depends on if you use 976 or 977 (or if you use InfoGrace’s data, 978).

Here’s my # – 976 gold medals to date. I’ll go with that and let the race to 1,000 begin.

• Saturday, 6 August – Courtney and Kelly Hurley will compete for the USA in individual épée fencing. Its a long shot but if they were to both make the podium, they would become the first sisters to finish on the podium in an individual event at the Summer Olympics. Sisters have only done this twice before – both at the Winter Olympics. Here are all the siblings who have finished 1-2 at the Olympics in an individual event.

[table]

Brothers

John / Sumner Paine,pistol shooting,1896
Platt / Ben Adams,standing high jump,1912
Nedo / Aldo Nadi,sabre,1920
Jennison / Jack Heaton,skeleton,1928
Edoardo / Dario Mangiarotti,épée,1952
Raimondo / Piero D’Inzeo,jumping,1960
Phil / Steve Mahre,slalom,1984
Philipp / Simon Schoch,snowboard PGS,2006
Sisters
Christine / Marielle Goitschel,slalom / giant slalom,1964
Doris / Angelika Neuner,luge,1992
Justine / Chloe Dufour-Lapointe,moguls,2014

[/table]

• If the Hurley sisters do not do that, and it would be an upset if they did, two Australian swimming sisters Cate and Bronte Campbell, have a strong chance to do this in the 100 freestyle (11 August) or 50 freestyle (13 August). Cate is favored to win in both events, and Bronte has a good chance for a medal in either event.
• In shooting, the Georgian mother-son combo of Nino Salukvadze and Tsotne Machavariani will compete at Rio. This will make them the first mother-son to compete at the same Olympic Games. More on this can be found at https://olympstats.com/2016/05/03/mother-and-son-shooters-to-compete-in-rio/.
• In athletics, Ashton Eaton will compete in the decathlon, looking to defend his title from 2012. His wife, Brianne Theisen-Eaton will compete in the heptathlon, and has a good shot at a gold medal in that event, although she is not the overwhelming favorite that her husband is. Eaton competes for the United States, while Theisen-Eaton represents Canada – they met in school at the University of Oregon. Should they both win gold medals, they will become the first husband-wife to win gold medals at the same Olympics, while representing different nations. See more on this at https://olympstats.com/2016/01/09/married-couples-winning-olympic-gold-medals/.

Sports lists for Rio – today we’ll present you 5 record lists for sports on the 2016 Olympic Program – table tennis, taekwondo, trampoline, golf, and rugby sevens. Please refer to a previous post https://olympstats.com/2016/07/29/sports-files-for-rio/ for information about these lists. This completes the presentation of the sports statistical files in preparation for Rio.

• Table Tennis – Table Tennis Lists
• Taekwondo – Taekwondo Lists
• Trampoline – Trampoline Lists
• Golf – Golf Lists
• Rugby Sevens – Rugby Football Lists

Sports lists for Rio – today we’ll present you 6 record lists for sports on the 2016 Olympic Program – archery, badminton, handball, modern pentathlon, rhythmic gymnastics, and synchronized swimming. Please refer to a previous post https://olympstats.com/2016/07/29/sports-files-for-rio/ for information about these lists.

• Archery – Archery Lists
• Badminton – Badminton Lists
• Handball – Handball Lists
• Modern Pentathlon – Modern Pentathlon Lists
• Rhythmic Gymnastics – Rhythmic Gymnastics Lists
• Synchronized Swimming – Synchro Swimming Lists

So how does Rio stack up against other Summer Olympic host cities in terms of population, climate, location, and other geographic factors. It is known that is the first South American city to host an Olympics. It is only the third city from the Southern Hemisphere to host an Olympics, following Melbourne in 1956 and Sydney in  2000. Attached is a small file that compares all the Olympic Summer hosts to see how Rio ranks among them.

Costs are also usually analyzed for Olympic host cities and we will do that as well, but usually full data on that is not announced until after the Olympics end.

Summer City Stats